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Sat, 23 Oct 2021
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Scientists are mapping an Atlas of the underworld hidden far beneath our feet

Atlas of the Underworld 0
© Utrecht University
For as long as humans have been around we've been fascinated by the world hiding underneath the surface of the Earth, and now scientists are systematically mapping the positions of the tectonic plates that have been pushed deeper into the planet's core.

It's called the Atlas of the Underworld and you can view it online - measurements go down up to 2,900 kilometres (1,800 miles) in some cases. The focus is on 'dead' tectonic plates, pushed down to the bottom of the Earth's mantle and no longer part of the surface.

Boat

Russian company floats brand new hydrofoil passenger ship after two-decade pause

Kometa 120M
© Oleg Smyslov / Sputnik
A new hydrofoil ship meant to transport up to 120 passengers along sea coast routes has been floated by a Russian producer. The design was popular in the Soviet Union, but modern Russia has not built such vessels for almost two decades.

Hydrofoil works similarly to a regular aerofoil, creating lift for a moving craft. A speeding hydrofoil ship rises above the water with only the foils staying under it, greatly reducing drag and allowing greater speeds to be reached. A French hydrofoil trimaran called "Hydroptère" set the world sailing speed record in 2009 and remains the fastest vessel in the world, with a sail of over 400 square feet.

Among the drawbacks of the design are complexity, poorer fuel efficiency compared with conventional boats and some risks when operating in littered waters or during harsh weather conditions. Still, the boats have found their use as military patrol boats, ferry vessels, leisure craft and even in water sports.

Wine

In the midst of global chaos and attack, Russia's science community flourishes

Putin and winners of a prize for young scientists.
© Dmitry Azarov/Kommersant via Getty Images
Putin and winners of a prize for young scientists.

Comment: Though this article provides a nice survey of Russia's contemporary and historical achievements in the field of science, it puts a lot of it in the context of Russia's societal and geopolitical growth in quite often a Western-narrative-biased way. All the same, there's a good amount about Russia's accomplishments and aspirations that is acknowledged here...


I took a five-day tour of Russia's leading scientific research centers. This is what I saw.

They call them the "golden brains." Perched 22 storeys high, they engulf the top floors of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) headquarters in southwest Moscow. Somehow both geometric and wildly rampageous, the copper and aluminum sculptures look like the kind of long-lost technologies that protagonists stumble across on deserted alien worlds in Mass Effect.

On a crisp evening in late February, we stepped out of a van and walked across a plaza, lined by ornate statues and a giant metal clock. Shepherded by Asya Shepunova, a lively public relations representative for the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), a university based in the northern suburb of Dolgoprudny, we made our way past a security checkpoint to a welcome dinner at a restaurant enclosed within the golden brains.

In tandem with the press team at ITMO University in Saint Petersburg, Shepunova and her colleagues organized this five-day tour of Russia's two largest and most scientifically active cities. A handful of science journalists from around the world, including me - hi, I'm Becky-RSVP'd yes. A little over a month after the inauguration of President Donald Trump, we arrived in Moscow.

Attention

Beekeepers warn 'Bee Mageddon' as France authorizes sulfaoxaflor

bee cornflower
© Michael Probst
French bee keepers are up in arms over the authorisation of an insecticide they warn could sound the death knell of their already decimated bee population.

Bee hives have been hit in Europe, North America and elsewhere by a mysterious phenomenon called "colony collapse disorder". The blight has been blamed on mites, a virus or fungus, pesticides, or a combination of factors.

With the honey harvest in France down to just 10,000 tons this year - three times less than in the 1990s - the country's national apiculture union, UNAF, slammed what it called the "scandalous" authorisation of sulfaoxaflor, which attacks the central nervous system of insects. According to UNAF, sulfaoxaflor acts like a neonicotinoid, a pesticide based on the chemical structure of nicotine that many blame for being at least partially responsible for plummeting bee populations.

Music

Interspecies communication: Beluga rooming with dolphins learns their language

dolphins
© Shutterstock/Andrii Zhezhera
In November 2013, a four-year-old captive beluga whale moved to a new home. She had been living in a facility with other belugas. But in her new pool, the Koktebel dolphinarium in Crimea, her only companions were dolphins. The whale adapted quickly: she started imitating the unique whistles of the dolphins, and stopped making a signature beluga call altogether.

"The first appearance of the beluga in the dolphinarium caused a fright in the dolphins," write Elena Panova and Alexandr Agafonov of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. The bottlenose dolphins included one adult male, two adult females and a young female. But the animals soon got along, er, swimmingly. In August 2016, one of the adult female dolphins gave birth to a calf that regularly swam alongside the beluga.

Bizarro Earth

Supernova theory explains global warming, extinction events, ice ages says engineer

Do Supernova Events Cause Extreme Climate Changes?
"Global warming will not be reduced by reducing man made CO2 emissions" - Dr. William Sokeland
Ice Core Temps
© No Tricks Zone
In recent years, mass die-offs of large animals - like the sudden deaths of 211,000 endangered antelopes within a matter of weeks - have been described as "mysterious" and remain largely unexplained.

Determining the cause of the retreat to ice ages and the abrupt warmings that spawned the interglacial periods has remained controversial for many decades.

Dr. William Sokeland, a heat transfer expert and thermal engineer from the University of Florida, has published a paper in the Journal of Earth Science and Engineering that proposes rapid ice melt events and ice age terminations, extreme weather events leading to mass die-offs, and even modern global warming can be traced to (or at least correlate well with) supernova impact events.

The perspectives and conclusions of researchers who claim to have found strong correlations that could explain such wide-ranging geological phenomena as the causes of glacials/interglacials, modern temperatures, and mysterious large animal die-offs should at least be considered...while maintaining a healthy level of skepticism, of course.

Discovery - if that is potentially what is occurring here - is worth a look.

Ice Cube

'I have this alien': Monster plankton discovered in Arctic ice

plankton
© umanitoba.ca / Aurelie Delaforge
A new species that has been dubbed a hidden 'monster' of the plankton world has been found lurking under Arctic sea ice in Canada.

The fortuitous discovery of the eight-legged creature - which freakishly only has one eye, no mouth and two hairy antennae - was made by a University of Manitoba student in 2014.

Aurelie Delaforge was working at an ice camp in the wilds of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, to study plankton blooms when the zooplankton emerged in ocean ice samples. With the bizarre creature turning up in ice on a number of occasions, Delaforge thought it likely that the species was local to the area.

Delaforge sent a message to Department of Fisheries and Oceans researcher Wojciech Walkusz, informing him: "I have this alien."

Fireball

Bus-sized asteroid heading for Earth after string of near-miss encounters

2017 TD6 asteroid
© Getty
NEAR MISS: An asteroid is hurtling towards Earth tonight after a string of near misses
The newly-discovered space rock - named Asteroid 2017 TD6 - is expected to zoom past our planet at around 7.53pm.

It will be travelling at a distance of 191,000km away from civilisation.

According to NASA the chunk of rock is a whopping 22m wide.

Last week another asteroid made a close shave with Earth, as it soared past at a distance of just 27,000 miles above the surface.

Brain

Aid memory & attention with specific brain training

brain training
New research suggests a specific method of brain-training is significantly better in improving memory and attention than other training protocols. Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered the method that helps the most also demonstrates more significant changes in brain activity.

Researchers explain that while the brain exercise didn't make anyone smarter, it greatly improved skills people need to excel at school and at work. Investigators believe these results suggest it's possible to train the brain like other body parts - with targeted workouts.

The study appears in the Journal of Cognitive Enhancement.

Sun

Quack scientists propose dimming out the sun to save the coral reefs

coral reef
© ullstein bild/Getty
Can geoengineering protect corals from the warming climate?
Time for artificial planet coolers? A cooling "sunshade" for the planet could reduce harmful coral bleaching and the number of hurricanes, which damage reefs.

With the effects of climate change becoming increasingly apparent, the idea of squirting a cloud of sulphate aerosols into the upper atmosphere is being investigated by several groups of scientists. This would scatter some of the sun's rays back into space, reducing the rate at which the Earth is warming.

Now a study by James Crabbe at the University of Bedfordshire, UK, and his colleagues examines what this form of geoengineering would do to the Caribbean region and its fragile reefs. "Corals are the rainforests of the sea, and if you lose them the impacts on ecosystems and people would be complex and far-reaching," says Crabbe.

The team used computer models to simulate both the changing climate and rising seas between 2020 and 2069. They then modelled what would happen if solar radiation was artificially reduced. "We show very convincingly that, by injecting sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere, sea surface temperatures would decrease significantly by 2069," says Crabbe.

Hold back the hurricanes

When the sea is too warm, corals expel the tiny algae living in their tissues, which feed their hosts through photosynthesis. The corals turn white or "bleached". After severe bleaching, most corals starve to death. Keeping temperatures down prevented this in the model.

Comment: All these ridiculous schemes based on the global warming hoax. Are these people serious??