Comets


Meteor

New Comet: C/2012 Q1 (Kowalski)

Discovery Date: August 28, 2012

Magnitude: 18.7mag

Discoverer: R. A. Kowalski (Mount Lemmon)

Magnitude Graph
© Aerith NetMagnitude Graph
The orbital elements are published on M.P.E.C. 2012-R08.

Meteor

Comet Pan-STARRS: How bright will it get?

Early next year, a comet will come fairly close to Earth and the Sun - traveling within the orbit of Mercury - and it has the potential to be visible to the naked eye. Amateur and professional astronomers alike have been keeping watch on Comet C/2011 L4 PANSTARRS (or PANSTARRS for short), trying to ascertain just how bright this comet may become. It will come within 45 million kilometers (28 million miles) of the Sun on March 9, 2013, which is close enough for quite a bit of cometary ice to vaporize and form a bright coma and tail.
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© Efrain Morales/Jaicoa ObservatoryComet Pan-STARRS on September 4, 2012 as seen from Puerto Rico.
But just how bright, no one can say for sure. Comets have been known to be very unpredictable (remember the breakup of Comet Elenin?) but some estimates have said this comet could become a naked-eye object, as bright as Vega or Arcturus next March. Right now it is at about Magnitude 12, and skywatchers in the southern hemisphere observers will have a great view as this comet gets closer and brighter, as it will remain high in the sky. But right now, skywatchers in the northern latitudes are saying farewell to Comet PANSTARRS, as it becomes low on the horizon. Astrophotographer Efrain Morales from Puerto Rico took the image above on September 4th, 2012 at 00:31 UTC. "It was very difficult to image due to the forest tree tops and sunset light but I was able to capture it at high magnification," Efrain told us. (He used an LX200ACF 12 inch, OTA, CGE mount, F10, ST402xmi Ccd, Astronomik Ir/UV filter at 2 minutes. )

Meteor

See Rare Cluster of Comets Across the Solar System This Week: How to Watch Online

A rare cluster of comets is making its way through our solar system this week, but you don't need a telescope to spot the icy celestial wanderers. An online telescope will stream live views of the comets in a webcast today (Aug. 17). The Internet-based Slooh Space Camera, which offers views of the night sky from observatories around the world, will target more than six different comets today during a free webcast at 6 p.m. EDT (2200 GGMT).

The webcast feature views from telescopes at the Canary Islands Observatory off the west coast of Africa during today's comet program, which will include commentary from Slooh officials and amateur astronomer Donald Machholz - the discoverer of no less than 11 comets. The webcast can be accessed at the Slooh website here.

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© NASA/SOHOThis view of comet Machholz was recorded by the SOHO space telescope in 2007. Comet Machholz was discovered in 1986 by amateur astronomer and comet-hunter Donald Machholz. It orbits the sun in just over five years.

Meteor

Overhead cometary explosions? Blasts in southern Israel blamed on phantom rockets

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© AFP Photo/Jack GuezIsraeli emergency personnel stand around wondering what caused the explosions. No impact sites and no rockets were found.
Israeli officials suspect that two large explosions that rocked the Israeli city of Eilat may have been the result of a rocket attack. Authorities are currently scouring the area for evidence of a Grad missile strike.

­The explosions hit Eilat near the city's border with Egypt's Sinai Peninsular on Wednesday evening, and were felt throughout the city. No casualties were reported.

"We heard two loud explosions. It was really scary, last time this happened the entire house shook," Eilat resident Rotem told Israeli newspaper Ynet.

"People on the street just froze in their tracks. It was frightening. Maybe it's time that sirens are installed in Eilat as well," said another resident of Eilat.

Several rockets have been fired at Eilat this year, which Israeli authorities believe were launched from neighboring Sinai by Islamist militants.

Comment: Note that they found no impact sites and no rockets. Meanwhile war preparations against Iran are being hyped to the max again:

Israel media talk of imminent Iran war push

Israel ready for 30-day war after Iran strike


Meteor

Delhi schoolboy discovers a new comet - SOHO 2333

A Delhi boy has discovered a new comet using data from NASA and European Space Agency's spacecraft-based observatory SOHO that studies the Sun.

Discovered by Prafull Sharma, a Class XII student of Ahlcon Public School, the new comet -- SOHO 2333 -- is a fragment believed to have separated from a relatively larger comet Machholz when it last came close to the Sun in 2007.

Sharma, who has been associated with Delhi-based NGO Science Popularisation Association of Communicators and Educators (SPACE), is part of a world-wide team of comet hunters who scour through images of the Sun transmitted back to Earth by Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).

The British Astronomical Association also confirmed the find and included it in their list of newly discovered comets.

SOHO comets are small comets that are usually found in close proximity of the Sun, Chander Bhushan Devgun, Chairman of SPACE said.

Umbrella

Red rain in Kannur, India May have origins in comets

Red rain cells
© Godfrey Louis/CUSATThis red rain sample from 2001 contains a thick suspension of cells that lack DNA and may originate from cometary fragments.
A rare shower of red rain fell for about 15 minutes in the city of Kannur, Kerala, India, early on June 28. Local residents were perturbed, but this is not the first time the state has experienced colored rain.

This strange phenomenon was first recorded in Kerala a few hours after a meteor airburst in July 2001, when a space rock exploded in the atmosphere. More than 120 such rain showers were reported that year, including yellow, green, and black ones.

Astrobiologist Godfrey Louis, pro vice-chancellor at nearby Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), has studied samples of red rainwater in 2001 and discovered strange properties, including autofluorescence - light that is naturally emitted by cell structures like mitochondria.

Scientific analysis showed the striking red coloration is due to microscopic particles resembling biological cells, possibly originating from comet fragments.

Meteor

The Perseids: Meteors Born From A Comet That Could Destroy Us All

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This weekend, the Perseid meteor shower will be at its peak. While this year's light show probably won't match the 2009 shower, when watchers could see up to 173 shooting stars an hour, the Perseids are a celestial spectacle well worth packing off to somewhere away from the glare of city lights.

The Perseids take their name from Perseus, the constellation nestled between Cassiopeia and Taurus. The meteors appear to originate from a point within Perseus, but they are actually dust shaken off from the tail of the comet Swift-Tuttle.

Swift-Tuttle makes a complete pass within its orbit every 133 years, but its dust trail hangs around for much longer. As Earth passes through the residual dust cloud, the tiny particles that hit our atmosphere streak across the sky. Usually these meteors burn up, but some make it to the ground as meteorites.

Meteor

Did a meteor fall in Jacksonville, Florida 448 years ago?

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© Will Dickey/The Times-UnionBased on intriguing accounts by Spanish and French explorers in 1564, University of North Florida physics professor emeritus Jay Huebner (above) believes that a strike by a meteor, comet or asteroid could have formed Round Marsh in the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve. He's trying to raise funds for an expedition to discover the truth.
At sea in August 1564, a Spanish priest in Pedro Menendez' fleet wrote of a "miracle from heaven" - a comet as bright as the sun, streaking west toward Florida.

On land, the hungry, miserable French settlers at Fort Caroline were stunned by a "stroke of lightning" that, one wrote, instantly "consumed about 500 acres and burned with such a bright heat that the birds which lived in the meadows were consumed."

The fire burned for three days. The river "seemed almost to boil." Enough fish died to fill 50 carts.

A retired University of North Florida professor thinks the Spanish comet and the French lightning strike were very likely the same thing - an object from outer space that struck at the edge of the St. Johns River in Jacksonville.

It could have been a meteor, asteroid or comet 100 feet across, says UNF's Jay Huebner. Most of it would have vaporized on impact, with trees and animals incinerated in unimaginable heat. Water from the river and marsh would have made a roaring waterfall as it rushed to fill the crater left by the strike.

That crater, Huebner theorizes, is today's Round Marsh in the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve.

Attention

Solar superstorm (or meteors, comets or cometary fragments?) could kill millions, cost trillions

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© Unknown
Weather has been lousy this year, with droughts, heat and killer storms. But a solar superstorm could be far worse.

A monster blast of geomagnetic particles from the sun could destroy 300 or more of the 2,100 high-voltage transformers that are the backbone of the U.S. electric grid, according to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Even a few hundred destroyed transformers could disable the entire interconnected system.

There is impetus for a group of federal agencies to look for ways to prepare for such a storm this year as the sun moves into an active period called solar maximum, expected to peak in 2013.

U.S. experts estimate as much as a 7 percent chance of a superstorm in the next decade, which seems a slight risk, but the effects would be so wide-ranging - akin to a major meteorite strike - that it has drawn official concern.

Power blackouts can cause chaos, as they did briefly in India when more than 600 million people lost electricity for hours on two consecutive days in July. However, the kind of long-duration outage that might happen in the case of a massive solar storm would have more profound and costly effects.

Comment: One could easily replace the words 'solar superstorm' with 'comets', 'cometary fragments' or 'meteors'. It is rather interesting that the "White House, Congress, private industry, the Pentagon and agencies ranging from the Department of Homeland Security to NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" are all so concerned about this solar risk.

All one needs do is stroll through the 'Fire In The Sky' section of SOTT to get a better idea of what these groups are really afraid of - indeed something 'out there' but likely not so much the '6 or 7% possibility' of a solar superstorm striking the earth.


Meteor

"The Returns of Comets are much more frequent than is vulgarly reckoned", or "How I Discovered Halley's Comet", by Edmond Halley

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© Wikimedia Commons
"Hence, we may justly conclude that the Returns of Comets are much more frequent than is vulgarly reckoned."

There is something truly thrilling about the first-hand accounts of scientists who have homed in on an idea or a fact that is now common knowledge. A few artifacts of such moments -- Darwin's early tree-of-life sketches or the first few minutes of this BBC documentary on Andrew Wiles' work on Fermat's Last Theorem -- convey the emotions and the creativity that surround those discoveries. A paper, published in Philosophical Transactions Vol. 30 (1717-1719) relaying the details of the discovery of a comet as "seen at London on the 10th of June 1717" and now available on JSTOR, does much the same.

Edmond Halley described the events as such:
On Monday, June 10, in the Evening, the Sky being very serene and calm, I was desirous to take a view of the disk of Mars (then very near the Earth, and appearing very glorious) to see if I could distinguish in my 24 Foot Telescope, the Spots said to be seen on him. Directing my Tube for the purpose, I accidentally fell upon a small whitish Appearance near the Planet, resembling in all respects such a Nebula ... The Reverend Mr. Miles Williams, Mr. Alban Thomas, and myself contemplated this Appearance for above an Hour ... and we could not be deceiv'd as to its Reality; but the slowness of its Motion made us at that time conclude that it had none, and that it was rather a Nebula than a Comet.

Comment: Reign of Fire: Meteorites, Wildfires, Planetary Chaos and the Sixth Extinction
Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets: Damages, Disasters, Injuries, Deaths, and Very Close Calls
Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth?
Tunguska, the Horns of the Moon and Evolution