- Signs of the Times for Mon, 21 Aug 2006 -



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Editorial: AIPAC, the Religious Right and American Foreign Policy

by Rodrigue Tremblay
August 21, 2006
The New American Empire

"Most citizens are unaware of the startling fact that for years our U.S. Middle East policy has not been crafted by seasoned experts who are committed to America's basic national interests."

Paul Findley, U.S. Republican Congressman, (1961-83)

"Thank God we have AIPAC, the greatest supporter and friend we have in the whole world,"

Ehud Olmert, Israel's Prime Minister

"Either I make policy on the Middle East or AIPAC makes policy on the Middle East."

Zbigniew Brzezinski, Carter Administration National Security Adviser

Nobody can understand what's going on politically in the United States without being aware that a political coalition of major pro-Likud groups, pro-Israel neoconservative intellectuals and Christian Zionists is exerting a tremendously powerful influence on the American government and its policies. Over time, this large pro-Israel Lobby, spearheaded by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), has extended its comprehensive grasp over large segments of the U.S. government, including the Vice President's office, the Pentagon and the State Department, besides controlling the legislative apparatus of Congress. It is being assisted in this task by powerful allies in the two main political parties, in major corporate media and by some richly financed so-called "think-tanks", such as the American Enterprise Institute, the Heritage Foundation, or the Washington Institute for Near East Policy .

AIPAC is the centerpiece of this co-ordinated system. For example, it keeps voting statistics on each House representative and senator, which are then transmitted to political donors to act accordingly. AIPAC also organizes regular all-expense-paid trips to Israel and meetings with Israeli ministers and personalities for congressmen and their staffs, and for other state and local American politicians. Not receiving this imprimatur is a major handicap for any ambitious American politician, even if he can rely on a personal fortune. In Washington, in order to have a better access to decision makers, the Lobby even has developed the habit of recruiting personnel for Senators and House members' offices. And, when elections come, the Lobby makes sure that lukewarm, independent-minded or dissenting politicians  are punished and defeated. It is a source of such political power, campaign financing and media propaganda that no U.S. politician can dare ignore its demands without fear of being destroyed. As veteran columnist Robert Novak recently pointed out, thanks to the influence of AIPAC and the Lobby, "Washington remains largely a bipartisan, criticism-free zone for Israel."

This is understandable. -AIPAC's techniques are so efficient that one can easily have the impression that it is a 'parallel government' in Washington D.C. -In the words of its president, Howard Friedman, consigned in a hubristic bulletin to supporters, it relies on two techniques in particular:

1- "AIPAC meets with every candidate running for Congress. These candidates receive in-depth briefings to help them completely understand the complexities of Israel's predicament and that of the Middle East as a whole. We even ask each candidate to author a 'position paper' on their views of the U.S.-Israel relationship, -so it's clear where they stand on the subject."

2- "Members of Congress, staffers and administration officials have come to rely on AIPACs memos. They are very busy people and they know that they can count on AIPAC for clear-eyed analysis. We present this information in concise form to elected officials. The information and analyses are impeccable, -after all our reputation is at stake. This results in policy and legislation that make up Israel's lifeline." 

I doubt that there is any democratic country in the entire world where candidates have to pass an ideological litmus test, if they want to have a chance of being chosen candidate and being elected. -Thus, who could blame AIPAC from being convinced that it has the U.S. Congress on a very short leash? If AIPAC were a company, it could be subject to a Federal Trade Commission (FTC)  federal antitrust and anti-cartel investigation for cornering the market.

Therefore, it should be no surprise that, on Capitol Hill, 'The Lobby' seems to be in charge, so much so that its near complete control of U.S. foreign policy and other policies, such as defense, has become the equivalent of a joke. We are not witnessing consensus here, but rather a situation tantamount to unanimity in the desire to align American policies to Israeli policies, each time Israel's interests in the Middle East are on the line. -A totalitarian country would not function differently. AIPAC has such a grip on Washington that sometimes one can be forgiven to confuse Tel Aviv and Washington D.C. A recent example: AIPAC penned a resolution of support for Israel in its savage and illegal bombings of Lebanon. On July 20, 2006, the resolution was voted unanimously by the 100-member Senate and the vote in the House was 410 to 8. -Case closed.

For many years, the influence of 'The Lobby' remained under the radar, being ignored or concealed by the media it controlled and by most commentators. On March 10, 2006, however, two respected American scholars, professors Stephen Walt from Harvard University and John Mearsheimer of the University of Chicago published a study in The London Review of Books, entitled 'The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy', about the disproportionate influence that this special interest Lobby has on American foreign policy. It said that AIPAC was "the most powerful and best known" organization in a pro-Israel lobby that systematically distorts American foreign policy. The study concluded that Israel played a major role in pushing the Bush administration toward a war with Iraq, and it argued that the pro-Israel lobby's influence on U.S. foreign policy was bad both for Israel and for the U.S. Thereafter, nobody could feign ignoring the corrosive influence of this powerful lobby on U.S. foreign policy.

Another example of the type of power 'The Lobby' carries these days in Washington D.C. is its success in establishing within the State Department, with taxpayers' money, a special interest agency, called the 'Office of global anti-Semitism'. In a move reminiscent of what happened during past centuries under totalitarian regimes, this new 'agency' is totally devoted to monitoring around the world instances, among other things, of criticism of Israel or of American pro-Israel policies. The creation of this new department of Inquisition was mandated by a law, [H.R. 4230], that President George W. Bush signed on October 16, 2004. Who says that reality is not stranger than fiction!

So-called Christian Zionists also have a significant influence on American foreign policy, especially as it relates to the Middle East. Their propaganda has been so successful that today, forty per cent of Americans believe that Israel was directly given to the Jewish people by 'God'. One third of Americans even believe that the creation of the state of Israel, in 1948, after a terrorist campaign against Great Britain, was a step towards the 'Second Coming of Jesus Christ' and the 'End of the world'.  For the most fanatical ones among them, the 'war on terrorism', whatever it means,  is a war of religion between Christianity and Islam. With such thinking, the world is thrown back four centuries, since the last war of religion was the 1618-1648 Thirty Years' War between European Protestants and Catholics.

These days, the American religious Right has its own special interest office within the State Department. It is called the 'Office of International Religious Freedom', whose principal mission is to meddle in the domestic affairs of other countries. Such a state agency would seem to run contrary to the "wall of separation" between church and state that President Thomas Jefferson thought he had erected with the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Such governmental forays in religious matters are in addition to the state-financed 'Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives' that the Bush administration created soon after it took office. -Since the current occupant of the White House is a born-again Christian who harbors ideas which are close to those advanced by the American Christian Right it should not be too surprising if the Bush administration's policy in the Middle East has very strong religious overtones.

In any government, one has to look behind the curtains to see who is really pulling the strings and who is steering the policies. In the case of the Bush-Cheney administration, one has to know about 'The Lobby' and the 'religious Right'. Without that knowledge, one is in the dark when it comes to understanding the direction taken by certain policies.

Rodrigue Tremblay is professor emeritus of economics at the University of Montreal and can be reached at rodrigue.tremblay@ yahoo.com.

He is the author of the book 'The New American Empire'.

Visit his blog site at www.thenewamericanempire.com/blog.

Author's Website:www.thenewamericanempire.com/


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Editorial: Israel is 'preparing for more fighting'

Tim Butcher
Jerusalem, August 21, 2006

Any chance of long-term peace between Lebanon and Israel all but vanished last night after Amir Peretz, the Israeli defence minister, said his country was preparing for another round of fighting.

Mr Peretz spoke only hours after Israeli commandos mounted a raid deep inside Lebanon. Kofi Annan, the United Nations secretary general, said it was a violation of the week-old UN ceasefire.

Amir Peretz, the Israeli defence minister has said his country was preparing for another round of fighting.

With talks on a beefed-up peacekeeping force for southern Lebanon apparently stalled, Mr Annan's senior envoy for the Middle East, Terje Roed-Larsen, said there was a danger of the situation "sliding out of control". Mr Peretz issued his warning during the weekly cabinet meeting when he promised full transparency in the internal inquiry into his government's handling of the 34-day conflict with Hizbollah.

"We will put everything on the table," he was quoted as saying. "Our duty is to prepare for the next round."

Lt Gen Dan Halutz, the head of the armed forces, admitted that the military had failed to land "a knockout blow" on the Shia militia.

With Israeli reservists returning from south Lebanon with stories of incompetence by commanders, public opinion is hardening against Ehud Olmert, the prime minister.
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Editorial: After Lebanon, Israel is looking for more wars

By Jonathan Cook in Nazareth
Information Clearing House
08/20/06

Late last month, a fortnight into Israel's war against Lebanon, the Hebrew media published a story that passed observers by. Scientists in Haifa, according to the report, have developed a "missile-trapping" steel net that can shield buildings from rocket attacks. The Israeli government, it noted, would be able to use the net to protect vital infrastructure -- oil refineries, hospitals, military installations, and public offices -- while private citizens could buy a net to protect their own homes.

The fact that the government and scientists are seriously investing their hopes in such schemes tells us more about Israel's vision of the "new Middle East" than acres of analysis.

Israel regards the "home front" -- its civilian population -- as its Achilles' heel in the army's oppression of the Palestinians in the occupied territories, its intermittent invasions of south Lebanon, and its planned attacks further afield. The military needs the unconditional support of the country's citizenry and media to sanction its unremitting aggression against Israel's "enemies", but fears that the resolve of the home front is vulnerable to the threat posed by rockets landing in Israel, whether the home-made Qassams fired by Palestinians over the walls of their prison in Gaza or the Katyushas launched by Hizbullah from Lebanon.

Certainly Israel's leaders are not ready to examine the reasons for the rocket menace -- or to search for solutions other than of the missile-catching variety.

The bloody nose Israel received in south Lebanon has not shaken its leaders' confidence in their restless militarism. If anything, their humiliation has given them cause to pursue their adventures more vigorously in an attempt to reassert the myth of Israeli invincibility, to distract domestic attention from Israel's defeat at the hands of Hizbullah, and to prove the Israeli army's continuing usefulness to its generous American benefactor.

If Israel's soldiers ever leave south Lebanon, expect a rapid return to the situation before the war of almost daily violations of Lebanese airspace by its warplanes and spy drones, plus air strikes to "rein in" Hizbullah and regular attempts on its leader Hassan Nasrallah's life. Expect more buzzing by the same warplanes of President Bashar al-Assad's palace in Damascus, assassination attempts against Hamas leader-in-exile Khaled Meshal and attacks on Hizbullah "supply lines" in Syria. Expect more apocalyptic warnings, and worse, to Iran over its assumed attempt to join Israel in the exclusive club of nuclear armed states. And, of course, expect many more attacks by ground and air of Gaza and the West Bank, with the inevitable devastating toll on Palestinian lives.

Despite its comeuppance in Lebanon, Israel is not planning to reconfigure its relationship with its neighbours. It is not seeking a new Middle East in which it will have to endure the same birth pangs as the "Arabs". It does not want to engage in a peace process that might force it to restore, in more than appearance, the occupied territories to the Palestinians. Instead it is preparing for more asymmetrical warfare -- aerial bombardments of the kind so beloved by American arms manufacturers.

The weekend's swift-moving events should be interpreted in this light. Israel, as might have been expected, was the first to break the United Nations ceasefire on Saturday when its commandoes attacked Hizbullah positions near Baalbek in north-east Lebanon, including air strikes on roads and bridges. It was not surprising that this gross violation of the ceasefire passed with little more than a murmur of condemnation. The UN's Terje Roed-Larsen referred to it as an "unwelcome development" and "unhelpful". The UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon, UNIFIL, whose current job it is to monitor the ceasefire, refused to comment, saying the attack occurred outside the area of its jurisdiction -- an implicit admission of how grave a violation it really was.

Meanwhile in the media, the Associated Press called the military assault "a bold operation", and BBC World described it as a "raid" and the ensuing firefight between Israeli troops and Hizbullah as "clashes". Much later in its reports, the BBC noted that it was also a "serious breach" of the ceasefire, neglecting to mention who was responsible for the violation. That may have been because the BBC's report was immediately followed by Israeli spokesman Mark Regev accusing Hizbullah, not Israel, of violating the ceasefire. Predictably he accused Hizbullah of receiving transfers of weapons that the Israeli army operation was supposedly designed to foil.

In fact, this was no simple "clash" during an intelligence-gathering mission, as early reports in the Israeli media made clear before the official story was established. Israeli special forces launched the covert operation to capture a Hizbullah leader, Sheikh Mohammed Yazbak, way beyond the Litani River, the northern extent of Israel's supposed "buffer zone". The hit squad were disguised not only as Arabs -- a regular ploy by units called "mistarvim" -- but as Lebanese soldiers driving in Lebanese army vehicles. When their cover was blown, Hizbullah opened fire, killing one Israeli and wounding two more in a fierce gun battle.

(It is worth noting that, according to the later official version, Israel's elite forces were exposed only as they completed their intelligence work and were returning home. Why would Israel be using special forces, apparently in a non-belligerent fashion, in a dangerous ground operation when shipments of weapons crossing from Syria can easily be spotted by Israel's spy drones and its warplanes?)

It is difficult to see how this operation could be characterised as "defensive" except in the Orwellian language employed by Israel's army -- which, after all, is misleadingly known as the Israel Defence Forces. UN Resolution 1701, the legal basis of the ceasefire, calls on Israel to halt "all offensive military operations". How much more offensive could the operation be?

But, more significantly, what is Israel's intention towards the United Nation's ceasefire when it chooses to violate it not only by assaulting Hizbullah positions in an area outside the "buffer zone" it has invaded but also then implicates the Lebanese army in the attack? Is there not a danger that Hizbullah fighters may now fire on Lebanese troops fearing that they are undercover Israeli soldiers? Does Israel's deceit not further weaken the standing of the Lebanese army, which under Resolution 1701 is supposed to be policing south Lebanon on Israel's behalf? Could reluctance on the part of Lebanon's army to engage Hizbullah as a result not potentially provide an excuse for Israel to renew hostilities? And what would have been said had Israel launched the same operation disguised as UN peacekeepers, the international force arriving to augment the Lebanese soldiers already in the area? These questions need urgent answers but, as usual, they were not raised by diplomats or the media.

On the same day, the Israeli army also launched another "raid", this time in Ramallah in the West Bank. There they "arrested", in the media's continuing complicity in the corrupted language of occupation, the Palestinians' deputy prime minister. His "offence" is belonging to the political wing of Hamas, the party democratically elected by the Palestinian people earlier this year to run their government in defiance of Israeli wishes. Even the Israeli daily Haaretz newspaper characterised Nasser Shaer as a "relative moderate" -- the "relative" presumably a reference, in Israeli eyes, to the fact that he belongs to Hamas. Shaer had only avoided the fate of other captured Hamas cabinet ministers and legislators by hiding for the past six weeks from the army -- a fitting metaphor for the fate of a fledgling Palestinian democracy under the jackboot of Israeli oppression.

A leading legislator from the rival Fatah party, Saeb Erekat, pointed out the obvious: that the seizure of half the cabinet was making it impossible for Fatah, led by President Mahmoud Abbas, to negotiate with Hamas over joining a government of national unity. Such a coalition might offer the Palestinians a desperately needed route out of their international isolation and prepare the path for negotiations with Israel on future withdrawals from occupied Palestinian territory. Israel's interest in stifling such a government, therefore, speaks for itself. And ordinary Israelis still wonder why the Palestinians fire their makeshift rockets into Israel. Duh!

On the diplomatic front, Israel's ambassador to the UN, Dan Gillerman, rejected out of hand a peace initiative from the Arab League that it hopes to bring before the Security Council next month. The Arab League proposal follows a similar attempt at a comprehensive peace plan by the Arab states, led by Saudi Arabia, in 2002 that was also instantly brushed aside by Israel. On this occasion, Gillerman claimed there was no point in a new peace process; Israel, he said, wanted to concentrate on disarming Hizbullah under UN Resolution 1701. Presumably that means more provocative "raids", like the one on Saturday, in violation of the ceasefire.

Where does all this "defensive" Israeli activity leave us? Answer: on the verge of more war and carnage, whether inflicted on the Palestinians, on Lebanon, on Syria, on Iran, or on all of them. Iran's head of the army warned on Saturday that he was preparing for an attack by Israel. Probably a wise assumption on his part, especially as US officials were suggesting at the weekend that the UN Security Council is about to adopt sanctions that will include military force to stop Iran's assumed nuclear ambitions.

In fact, Israel looks ready to pick a fight with just about anyone in its neighbourhood whose complicity in the White House's new Middle East has not already been assured, either like Jordan and Egypt by the monthly pay cheques direct from Washington, or like Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states by the cash-guzzling pipelines bringing oil to the West. The official enemies -- those who refuse to prostrate themselves before Western oil interests and Israeli regional hegemony -- must be brought to their knees just as Iraq already has been.

What will these wars achieve? That is the hardest question to answer, because every possible outcome appears to spell catastrophe for the region, including for Israel, and ultimately for the West. If Israel received a bloody nose from a month of taking on a few thousand Hizbullah fighters on their home turf, what can the combined might of Israel and the US hope to achieve in a battleground that drags in the whole Middle East? How will Israel survive in a region torn apart by war, by a new Shiite ascendancy that makes the old colonially devised mosaic of Arab states redundant and by the consequent tectonic shifts in identity and borders?

President Bush observed at the weekend that, although it may look like Hizbullah won the war with Israel, it will take time to see who is the true victor. He may be right, but it is hard to believe that either Israel or the United States can build a missile-catching net big enough to withstand the fall-out from the looming war.

Jonathan Cook is a writer and journalist based in Nazareth, Israel. His book, "Blood and Religion: The Unmasking of the Jewish and Democratic State", is published by Pluto Press. His website is www.jkcook.net


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Editorial: Israel: a State built on lies

By Punyapriya Dasgupta
Information Clearing House
08/19/06

The outcome of Israeli military's own inquiry into Qana II was to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International something far from the truth. HRW said that the massacre of at least 28 Lebanese - mostly children and women -- on July 30 was the "latest product" of Israel's indiscriminating bombing. Amnesty added that Israel had a history of either not investigating civilian deaths or conducting flawed inquiries. It was the same excuse this time as the one Israel offered for the horrific killing of 106 Lebanese refugees and four UN soldiers by artillery fire on a UNIFIL compound at the same village of Qana in Lebanon ten years ago. On both occasions, Israel did not know there were civilians at the targeted points. So pretended Israel's leaders. And they claimed that they were aiming only at Hezbollah each time. Where was Hezbollah? Among so many dead there was not one Hezbollah body nor any relic of its equipment either in 1996 or in 2006.

Israel has a history not only of trying to cover up its massacres of harmless civilians but of downright lying to camouflage every one of its dark designs. It goes back to the beginning of political Zionism and its "spiritual father", Theodore Herzl (1860-1904), Hungarian-born journalist, who was fascinated by the French proverb: Qui veut la fin, veut les moyens (he who desires the end, desires the means). In an explanation of what made him start thinking of a Jewish State in Palestine he came out with a doctored view of his own hindsight. He wrote in an essay in defence of his Zionism that during the trial and public humiliation of Dreyfus in France, he had heard crowds shout "Death to the Jews". Herzl had reported the notorious trial of Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, for a Vienna newspaper, a few years earlier. His news dispatches said that the crowds had roared: "Death to the Traitor." Herzl gave away his own game later when he admitted that the Jews in France saw themselves as almost within the social mainstream. Faced with charges from the French Jews that his Zionism was hindering their total assimilation in the French nation, he turned sarcastic and wrote: "If any or all of French Jewry protest against this scheme [of a Jewish State], because they are already 'assimilated', my answer is simple. They are Israelite Frenchmen? Splendid. This is a private affair for Jews alone."

Herzl spent his final years waiting at the gates of European monarchs and Turkey's Sultan, begging for any kind of a signal for him to carry Occidental civilization to Palestine by turning "this plague-ridden, blighted corner of the Orient" into a Jewish State. He spoke also of "spiriting the penniless Palestinians away" from Palestine. But when an Arab notable in Jerusalem asked him if he was really contemplating driving the Palestinians out of their homes, Herzl wrote: " Who would think of sending them away? It is their well being, their individual wealth which we will increase by bringing in our own."

The forked tongue is a constant in the history of Zionism. Over long years the Zionists worked single-mindedly for a take-over of Palestine but kept on denying that aim until they had achieved it. Who exactly coined the crisp slogan of a "land [Palestine] without people to a people [Jews] without land" is not known. The credit is given sometimes to Herzl himself and sometimes to his English collaborator, Israel Zangwill. Max Nordeau, another Hungarian-born associate of Herzl , had a twinge of conscience when he learnt that Palestine was not a land without people. He said: "I did not know that - but then we are committing an injustice!" But he quickly recovered and claimed that the word "homeland", used in the Balfour Declaration and the League of Nations Mandate to camouflage the contemplated State for the Jews in Palestine was his idea. The infamous Balfour Declaration (1917) was the first tall feather in the cap of Chaim Weizmann, an arrogant Jewish biochemist who dined with British prime ministers and helped British war efforts in 1914-18. In fact, his was the first draft of the document by which one country pledged to give away another to some people scattered over the world. Albert Einstein, who opposed the idea of a Jewish State and later refused to become Israel's first President, asked Weizmann: "What about the Arabs if Palestine were to be given to the Jews?" Weizmann replied: "What Arabs? They are hardly of any consequence." To Emir Feisal, son of Sherif Hussein of Mecca, whom Lawrence of Arabia had courted for help against Turkey during World War I, Weizmann said: "The Jews do not propose to set up a Jewish government." Even as late as in 1930, the cunning Weizmann thought it politic to keep his scheme under wraps: He said: "If a Jewish State were possible, I would be strongly for it. I am not for it because I consider it unrealizable." When near the goal, thanks largely to Jewish terrorism, Weizmann made a show of his anguish at UN and in his own words, hung his head in shame because the Jews had violated the commandment: Thou shall not kill. That, of course, did not prevent Weizmann from feeling "proud of our boys" when they blew up Hotel King David, administrative headquarters of Britain's Palestine Mandate in Jerusalem, killing 92 and injuring 58 Britons, Arabs and Jews. When the Jewish State was realized Weizmann became its first President.

Israel is the only State admitted to UN membership on condition that it would be obedient to the world body and be bound, more specifically, by two General Assembly resolutions - of November 1947 for partition of Palestine and of December 1948 enshrining the right of the Palestinian refugees to return to their homes or be satisfied with compensation. A document on UN record, dated 29 November 1948, reads: "On behalf of the State of Israel, I, Moshe Shertok, Minister for Foreign Affairs, being duly authorised by the State Council of Israel, declare that the State of Israel hereby unreservedly accepts the obligation of the UN Charter and undertakes to honour them from the day when it becomes a Member of the United Nations." Four days after Israel had been accepted by UN as one of its members, David Ben Gurion, Israel's first prime minister, declared in the Knesset that UN's Palestine partition resolution no longer held any moral force because the Arabs had violated it and for Israel the resolution was "null and void" as far as Jerusalem was concerned. The Zionists needed a UN resolution as a birth certificate for their State and a second one to attain UN membership or the mark of the minimum in international respectability. Once they thought they had overcome all doubts about the legitimacy or viability of their State, they no longer needed the United Nations, currently the main source of international law. Israel has been condemned or censured by UN many hundreds of times for its lawlessness and for going back on its words but no leader in Tel Aviv or Jerusalem has ever betrayed any concern. Some Israelis have even taken to calling its legal creator its enemy.
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On Deck: Lebanon, Round Two, uh, Three, uh, Four


UN envoys fear truce may unravel

By Gideon Long
Reuters
August 20, 2006

BEIRUT - United Nations envoys will meet Israeli officials on Monday after expressing fears that a week-long truce between
Israel and Lebanese Hizbollah guerrillas might unravel, leading to further bloodshed.

Terje Roed-Larsen and Vijay Nambiar will hold talks in Jerusalem following their weekend visit to Beirut, where they urged both sides in the recent 34-day war to show restraint.

"We are at the tilting edge still," Roed-Larsen warned at the end of the visit. "This can easily start sliding again and lead us quickly into the abyss of violence and bloodshed."
The U.N. is trying to assemble a 15,000-strong international force in southern Lebanon, to keep the peace alongside a similar sized Lebanese contingent which is gradually being unfolded.

The New York-based body already has 2,000 soldiers in the area and, under the terms of Security Council resolution 1701 which ended the war, has committed itself to getting another 3,500 there by September 2.

But so far, few countries have made significant commitments. Some have complained that the rules of engagement under which their soldiers would operate are ill-defined.

Vijay Nambiar, a U.N. envoy traveling with Roed-Larsen, said he hoped those rules would be set "in the next few days."

"We expect that that will generate interest among the major troop contributing countries to commit troops in more concrete terms," Nambiar told reporters in Beirut.

Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert has called for Italy to lead the U.N. force, his office said in a statement.

The call was made in a telephone conversation between Olmert and Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi and indicated Italy's chances of leading the force had increased following France's apparent reluctance to commit more than 200 additional troops to Lebanon.

"It is important that Italy should lead the international force and send troops to also oversee the Lebanon-
Syria border crossings," the statement said.

EXPANDED FORCE

France has pledged to send only 200 extra troops to Lebanon, disappointing Washington and the United Nations, which had hoped the French contingent would form the backbone of an expanded U.N. force.

A Lebanese government source said Prime Minister Fouad Siniora spoke to Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi about the international force.

"They (Italy) have a positive readiness and are more enthusiastic than other parties but the discussions need more calls with the Italians and the French," the source said.

A senior Lebanese political source said 2,500 Italian soldiers would take part in the U.N. force. He said the Lebanese cabinet would meet on Monday and welcome the Italian initiative.

The U.N. envoys said they also planned to discuss Israel's air and sea embargo of Lebanon, imposed at the start of the war and still in place, despite the end of hostilities.

"The embargo is, of course, totally unhelpful to the living conditions and the economy of Lebanon," Roed-Larsen said.

However, he also said he recognized Israel's concern that the embargo was necessary to stop weapons being smuggled across the Lebanese border to Hizbollah.

The Israelis say the Shi'ite Muslim group is supplied with arms by both Iran and Syria, charges both countries deny.

Nambiar said he and Roed-Larsen expected to address the vexed question of prisoners with the Israelis.

Israel and the U.N. are demanding the unconditional release of two Israeli soldiers, whose seizure by Hizbollah guerrillas on July 12 sparked the war.

Hizbollah says Israel will have to negotiate their release in exchange for Lebanese and Arab prisoners in Israeli jails.

"I dare say that as we proceed to our next place (Jerusalem), this will be an important issue that we will address," Nambiar said, adding it had been discussed extensively with the Lebanese government.

The uneasy truce in Lebanon has been tested over the past two days by an Israeli raid in the eastern Bekaa Valley which the U.N. said was a violation of resolution 1701.

Israel said the raid was defensive and designed to disrupt weapons supplies to Hizbollah. It denied it had violated the U.N. resolution -- which allows it to act in self-defence -- and accused Hizbollah of doing so by smuggling weapons.

The Lebanese government vowed on Sunday to crush any attempt on the Lebanese side of the border to break the truce, saying anyone attacking Israel would be considered a traitor.

"The army will be very tough in dealing with such an issue," Lebanese Defense Minister Elias al-Murr told a news conference.

"Any rocket fired from Lebanon will benefit Israel," he said, suggesting such an incident would provide a pretext for the Jewish state to attack Lebanon.



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Annan says Israeli raid violates truce

www.chinaview.cn 2006-08-20 08:43:31

UNITED NATIONS, Aug. 19 (Xinhua) -- UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said an Israeli raid in Lebanon on Saturday violated the UN-backed truce and expressed deep concerns.

"The secretary-general is deeply concerned about a violation by the Israeli side of the cessation of hostilities as laid out in Security Council resolution 1701," a spokesman for Annan said in a statement posted on the UN Web site.
The statement said that according to UN peacekeepers in Lebanon, "there have also been several air violations by Israeli military aircraft."

"All such violations of Security Council resolution 1701 endanger the fragile calm that was reached after much negotiation and undermine the authority of the government of Lebanon," the statement said.

Annan called on all parties concerned to "respect strictly the arms embargo, exercise maximum restraint, avoid provocative actions and display responsibility in implementing resolution 1701," the statement said.

Annan also demanded daily reports about compliance with the truce be provided to the Security Council, the statement added.

The Israeli army confirmed that Israeli commandos launched a raid on a Hezbollah stronghold near the Bodai village in eastern Lebanon early Saturday to prevent weapons from being transferred to Hezbollah from Iran and Syria.

The army said the raid, which it termed as a "defensive" one, left one Israeli officer dead and two soldiers wounded. There is no immediate information about Hezbollah casualties in the raid.

It was the first time that Israel launched a formal military attack deep inside Lebanon since the UN-brokered ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah came into effect on Monday.

Israel denied it had violated the UN resolution, which allows it to act in self-defense, and in turn accused Lebanon of breaching the truce by smuggling weapons.



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Israel sends warplanes over Lebanon

Updated Mon. Aug. 21 2006 6:28 AM ET
Associated Press

BEIRUT, Lebanon -- Israeli warplanes roared over cities on Lebanon's northern Mediterranean coast and in the east along the border with Syria on Monday, after the Lebanese defence minister warned rogue Palestinian rocket teams against attacking Israel and provoking retaliation that could unravel an already shaky ceasefire.

Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert rejected participation in the international peacekeeping force by countries that don't have diplomatic relations with the Jewish state, his office said Sunday. That would eliminate Indonesia, Malaysia and Bangladesh -- among the only countries to have offered front-line troops for the expanded force.
Olmert also ruled out peace talks with Syria as long as it supports "terror organizations.'' Earlier Monday, a top government official suggested it was time to resume talks with Syria despite its support for Hezbollah.

With concern mounting over the fragile truce, Israel sent war planes Monday over the coastal city of Tripoli, some 60 kilometres north of Beirut, and over Baalbek, scene of an Israeli commando raid two days ago which Israel said was to interdict weapons shipments for Hezbollah from Syria.

Lebanon considers overflights as violations of the UN resolution that ended 34 days of fighting last week.

Defence Minister Elias Murr said he was confident that Hezbollah would hold its fire but warned Syrian-backed Palestinian militants against rocket attacks which might draw Israeli retaliation and re-ignite full-scale fighting.

"We consider that when the resistance (Hezbollah) is committed not to fire rockets, then any rocket that is fired from the Lebanese territory would be considered collaboration with Israel to provide a pretext (for Israel) to strike,'' he said.

Israel has long accused Syria, along with Iran, of arming and supporting Hezbollah. During the war, however, Israel avoided trying to draw Syria into the conflict, apparently fearing another front or closing peace options.

On Monday, Public Security Minister Avi Dichter said Israel should resume the negotiations that broke down in 2000.

"What we did with Egypt and Jordan is also legitimate in this case,'' Dichter told Israeli Army Radio. Asked if that meant Israel should withdraw to its international border with Syria, he said: "Yes.''

But Olmert ruled out talks with the Syrians unless they stop sponsoring "terror organizations.''

"I recommend not to get carried away with any false hopes,'' Olmert said Monday, during a tour of northern Israel. "When Syria stops support for terror, when it stops giving missiles to terror organizations, then we will be happy to negotiate with them ... We're not going into any negotiations until basic steps are taken which can be the basis for any negotiations.''

Vice Premier Shimon Peres said Israel had other things on its mind right now and "that at the moment, we can't take on too much.

"We have the burden of Lebanon and we have the negotiations with the Palestinians,'' Peres told Israel Radio. "I don't think a country like ours can deal with so many issues at a time.''

As part of the ceasefire agreement, Lebanon has begun deploying 15,000 soldiers to the south, putting a government force in the region for the first time in four decades. They are to be joined by an equal force of international peacekeepers, but wrangling among countries expected to send troops has so far delayed assembly of the force.

But the reluctance of European countries to commit substantial numbers of troops has raised doubts about whether the truce can hold.

France, which commands the existing UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon known as UNIFIL, had been expected to make a significant new contribution that would form the backbone of the expanded force. But President Jacques Chirac disappointed the UN and other countries last week by merely doubling France's contingent of 200 troops.

French Foreign Minister Philippe Douste-Blazy said he has called for a meeting of European Union diplomats in Brussels this week to "find out as rapidly as possible what the different European partners plan to do concerning Lebanon.''

Douste-Blazy indicated more European troops could be sent later, once the UN has clarified the mandate of the force, including the rules of engagement.

In Beirut, Prime Minister Fuad Saniora, a Sunni Muslim, and parliament speaker Nabih Berri, a Shiite and Hezbollah supporters, decried the destruction wrought by Israeli bombs as "crimes against humanity'' during a highly publicized tour of the devastated guerrilla stronghold in the south of the capital Sunday.

"What we see today is an image of the crimes Israel has committed ... there is no other description other than a criminal act that shows Israel's hatred to destroy Lebanon and its unity,'' Saniora said to a big crowd of reporters and television crews invited on the tour of the region where Israeli air strikes destroyed whole neighbourhoods.

"I hope the international media transmits this picture to every person in the world so that it shows this criminal act, this crime against humanity,'' the western-backed prime minister said.

Arab League foreign ministers convened for an emergency meeting in Cairo to discuss a plan to create a fund to rebuild Lebanon. But the meeting ended with no plan, but foreign ministers said a social and economic council would convene to discuss how to fund the rebuilding.

Diplomats said Arabs want to counter the flood of money that is believed to be coming from Iran to Hezbollah to finance reconstruction projects. An estimated 15,000 apartments were destroyed and 140 bridges hit by Israeli bombardment in Lebanon, along with power and desalination plants and other key infrastructure.

"This is a war over the hearts and mind of the Lebanese, which Arabs should not lose to the Iranians this time,'' said a senior Arab League official, speaking on condition of because he is not authorized to talk to the media.

Hezbollah leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah has not said where the money would come from, but Iran, which helped create Hezbollah and is its strongest supporter, is widely believed to have opened its treasury for the rebuilding program.

Israeli warplanes roared over cities on Lebanon's northern Mediterranean coast and in the east along the border with Syria on Monday, after the Lebanese defence minister warned rogue Palestinian rocket teams against attacking Israel and provoking retaliation that could unravel an already shaky ceasefire.

Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert rejected participation in the international peacekeeping force by countries that don't have diplomatic relations with the Jewish state, his office said Sunday. That would eliminate Indonesia, Malaysia and Bangladesh -- among the only countries to have offered front-line troops for the expanded force.

Olmert also ruled out peace talks with Syria as long as it supports "terror organizations.'' Earlier Monday, a top government official suggested it was time to resume talks with Syria despite its support for Hezbollah.

With concern mounting over the fragile truce, Israel sent war planes Monday over the coastal city of Tripoli, some 60 kilometres north of Beirut, and over Baalbek, scene of an Israeli commando raid two days ago which Israel said was to interdict weapons shipments for Hezbollah from Syria.

Lebanon considers overflights as violations of the UN resolution that ended 34 days of fighting last week.

Defence Minister Elias Murr said he was confident that Hezbollah would hold its fire but warned Syrian-backed Palestinian militants against rocket attacks which might draw Israeli retaliation and re-ignite full-scale fighting.

"We consider that when the resistance (Hezbollah) is committed not to fire rockets, then any rocket that is fired from the Lebanese territory would be considered collaboration with Israel to provide a pretext (for Israel) to strike,'' he said.

Israel has long accused Syria, along with Iran, of arming and supporting Hezbollah. During the war, however, Israel avoided trying to draw Syria into the conflict, apparently fearing another front or closing peace options.

On Monday, Public Security Minister Avi Dichter said Israel should resume the negotiations that broke down in 2000.

"What we did with Egypt and Jordan is also legitimate in this case,'' Dichter told Israeli Army Radio. Asked if that meant Israel should withdraw to its international border with Syria, he said: "Yes.''

But Olmert ruled out talks with the Syrians unless they stop sponsoring "terror organizations.''

"I recommend not to get carried away with any false hopes,'' Olmert said Monday, during a tour of northern Israel. "When Syria stops support for terror, when it stops giving missiles to terror organizations, then we will be happy to negotiate with them ... We're not going into any negotiations until basic steps are taken which can be the basis for any negotiations.''

Vice Premier Shimon Peres said Israel had other things on its mind right now and "that at the moment, we can't take on too much.

"We have the burden of Lebanon and we have the negotiations with the Palestinians,'' Peres told Israel Radio. "I don't think a country like ours can deal with so many issues at a time.''

As part of the ceasefire agreement, Lebanon has begun deploying 15,000 soldiers to the south, putting a government force in the region for the first time in four decades. They are to be joined by an equal force of international peacekeepers, but wrangling among countries expected to send troops has so far delayed assembly of the force.

But the reluctance of European countries to commit substantial numbers of troops has raised doubts about whether the truce can hold.

France, which commands the existing UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon known as UNIFIL, had been expected to make a significant new contribution that would form the backbone of the expanded force. But President Jacques Chirac disappointed the UN and other countries last week by merely doubling France's contingent of 200 troops.

French Foreign Minister Philippe Douste-Blazy said he has called for a meeting of European Union diplomats in Brussels this week to "find out as rapidly as possible what the different European partners plan to do concerning Lebanon.''

Douste-Blazy indicated more European troops could be sent later, once the UN has clarified the mandate of the force, including the rules of engagement.

In Beirut, Prime Minister Fuad Saniora, a Sunni Muslim, and parliament speaker Nabih Berri, a Shiite and Hezbollah supporters, decried the destruction wrought by Israeli bombs as "crimes against humanity'' during a highly publicized tour of the devastated guerrilla stronghold in the south of the capital Sunday.

"What we see today is an image of the crimes Israel has committed ... there is no other description other than a criminal act that shows Israel's hatred to destroy Lebanon and its unity,'' Saniora said to a big crowd of reporters and television crews invited on the tour of the region where Israeli air strikes destroyed whole neighbourhoods.

"I hope the international media transmits this picture to every person in the world so that it shows this criminal act, this crime against humanity,'' the western-backed prime minister said.

Arab League foreign ministers convened for an emergency meeting in Cairo to discuss a plan to create a fund to rebuild Lebanon. But the meeting ended with no plan, but foreign ministers said a social and economic council would convene to discuss how to fund the rebuilding.

Diplomats said Arabs want to counter the flood of money that is believed to be coming from Iran to Hezbollah to finance reconstruction projects. An estimated 15,000 apartments were destroyed and 140 bridges hit by Israeli bombardment in Lebanon, along with power and desalination plants and other key infrastructure.

"This is a war over the hearts and mind of the Lebanese, which Arabs should not lose to the Iranians this time,'' said a senior Arab League official, speaking on condition of because he is not authorized to talk to the media.

Hezbollah leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah has not said where the money would come from, but Iran, which helped create Hezbollah and is its strongest supporter, is widely believed to have opened its treasury for the rebuilding program.





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Annan: Israeli Raid Violates Cease-Fire

By SAM F. GHATTAS
AP
Aug 19, 2006

NEW YORK - U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan said Saturday that an early-morning Israeli raid against Hezbollah in eastern Lebanon violated the 6-day-old cease-fire brokered by the United Nations. An Israeli officer was killed, and two soldiers wounded, when Israeli commandos raided a Hezbollah stronghold deep in Lebanon, resulting in a fierce gunbattle.

Israel said the raid was launched to stop arms smuggling from Iran and Syria to the militant Shiite fighters, while Lebanon's Prime Minister Fuad Saniora called the operation a "flagrant violation" of the U.N. truce.

There were no signs of further clashes, but the flare-up underlined worries about the fragility of the cease-fire as the U.N. pleaded for nations to send troops to an international force in southern Lebanon that is to separate Israeli and Hezbollah fighters.
A contingent of 49 French soldiers landed in the south Saturday, providing the first reinforcements for the 2,000-strong U.N. peacekeeping mission known as UNIFIL that has been stationed in the region for years. About 200 more were expected next week.

They were the first additions to what is intended to grow into a 15,000-soldier U.N. force to police the truce with an equal number of Lebanese soldiers. France leads UNIFIL and already had 200 soldiers in Lebanon before the reinforcements.

But with Europe moving slowly to provide more troops, Israel warned it would continue to act on its own to enforce an arms embargo on the Lebanese guerrilla group until the Lebanese army and an expanded U.N. peacekeeping force are in place.

"If the Syrians and Iran continue to arm Hezbollah in violation of the resolution, Israel is entitled to act to defend the principle of the arms embargo," Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Mark Regev said. "Once the Lebanese army and the international forces are active ... then such Israeli activity will become superfluous."



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US extends credit line to Israel

Ynet

Bush administration agrees to extend by three-year loan guarantees for Israel given to Israel in 2003; Israel has used USD 4.9 billion of a total USD 9 billion
The Bush administration has agreed to an Israel demand that a loan guarantee deal be extended by an additional three years, until 2011.

The Congress needs to approve the move.

Finance Minister Abraham Hirchson said the administration's conceding to Israel's request underscores Washington's faith in Israeli economy.

In 2003, the United States approved a USD 9 billion aid package to Israel in the form of loan guarantees which allow Israel to borrow money on the international market for low interest rates.

Israel has used less than half of the fund leaving USD 4.6 billion in available cash.

Finance Minister Director General Yossi Bachar discussed the extension of the loan period with US Deputy Treasury Secretary Robert M. Kimmit.

Hirchson praised the Administration for expressing faith in Israel's economy.

Bachar will leave for New York on Wednesday where he will present to officials and investors the Israeli government's fiscal plans after the war in the north.



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MPs blast Harper during tour of Lebanon

Last Updated Mon, 21 Aug 2006 00:28:44 EDT
CBC News

A group of Canadian parliamentarians toured devastated south Lebanon Sunday, and came away fuming at Prime Minister Stephen Harper and his acceptance of what they referred to as Israeli's "crimes against humanity."

"We could have been a voice of peace calling for a ceasefire and a negotiated agreement," said Peggy Nash, a Toronto MP and New Democrat as she toured Qana, the town where 29 civilians died as they hid from the Israeli bombs. "That's what should have happened here, and these people might have been still alive."
Nash was one of three Canadian parliamentarians who toured the Lebanese war zones with the National Council on Canada-Arab relations. She was joined on the trip by Etobicoke Liberal Borys Wrzesnewskyj and Bloc Québécois member Maria Mourani on a fact-finding mission to the war-ravaged towns of Qana, Bint Jbeil and Aytaroun.

The trip would have been an all-party affair, but Conservative MP Dean del Mastro pulled out at the last moment.

"It's hard to know what to say," Nash told CBC News as she toured the devastated towns. "It's overwhelming."

They met residents who had lost their family in the Israeli airstrikes last month, and offered their condolences to the Shalhoub family, which included most of the 29 Qana victims.

They went to Aytaroun, where the Canadian al-Akhras family was caught in the conflict and eight people died.

MP 'ashamed to be Canadian'

"I'm ashamed to be a Canadian," said Wrzesnewskyj, saying Harper favoured the Israeli position too much. "Canada should send in peacekeepers," he said, and Canada should allow dialogue with the political wing of Hezbollah.

"We don't want to see any more terrorism, whether the terrorism of suicide bombers or launching rockets or state terrorism. This is state terrorism," he said pointing to the bomb craters behind him.

Both Mourani and Wrzesnewskyj referred to Israel's "crimes against humanity," and criticized Harper for "condoning human massacres."



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Israel defends raid in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley

Last Updated Sun, 20 Aug 2006 21:55:58 EDT
CBC News

Israel on Sunday defended its decision to stage a raid into Lebanon's Bekaa Valley despite a UN-brokered ceasefire, saying it was necessary to disrupt arms deliveries to Hezbollah.

After a small group of commandos hit a village in the valley on Saturday, United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan condemned the attack as a violation of the ceasefire that went into effect on Aug. 14. It ended 34 days of cross-border attacks by Israel and Lebanon-based Hezbollah militants.
But on Sunday, a spokesman for the Israeli government repeated earlier statements that the action was defensive. Isaac Herzog, who is a member of the security cabinet as well as Israel's tourism minister, said the raid was meant to disrupt arms deliveries from Syria while efforts continue to form a UN peacekeeping force to enforce the truce.

"As you know all too well, some of the major proponents of the resolution, such as France, have not yet delivered on a robust international force, as was promised to Israel," Herzog told reporters.

"Therefore, we are focusing on making sure that the arrangements regarding the embargo on arms to the Hezbollah from Iran and Syria will be fully implemented. That's why I beg to differ with the honourable secretary general on his comments."

The raid, which took place outside the village of Boudai, left at least one Israeli soldier and three Hezbollah fighters dead.

France uneasy about UN force

The ceasefire agreement included promises that 15,000 Lebanese troops and a 15,000-member UN force would be deployed to guard the peace in southern Lebanon, where Hezbollah has been operating unchecked for years.

France - along with the United States - was the driving force behind the ceasefire resolution. However, it has pledged only 200 troops for the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), far fewer than what Washington and the United Nations were expecting.

The French government has indicated it could send more soldiers if the UN spells out a stronger mandate to allow UNIFIL members to defend themselves. The UN wants at least 3,500 UNIFIL soldiers on the ground by Aug. 28.

France said it had asked Finland, which holds the presidency of the European Union, to call a meeting of the EU member states to discuss Lebanon. A Finnish official told Reuters that the EU's political and security committee would meet on Wednesday.

No new clashes were reported on Sunday, but Israel sent reconnaissance flights over Lebanon as it continued to withdraw some of the estimated 30,000 troops it sent into the country after the conflict started on July 12.

Rockets from Lebanon 'will benefit Israel,' Beirut warns

Lebanese Defence Minister Elias Murr on Sunday warned militias - belonging to either Hezbollah or Palestinian groups - not to give Israel reason to strike again.

"Any rocket fired from Lebanon will benefit Israel," he said at a news conference. "The army will be very tough in dealing with such an issue."

Murr said any such attacks would be considered "as direct collaboration with the Israeli enemy," adding that those responsible "will be tried and referred to a military tribunal."

Prime Minister Fouad Siniora, meanwhile, toured the devastated neighbourhoods of south Beirut, decrying the destruction by Israeli bombs as a "crime against humanity."



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European press accuses France of losing its nerve

AFP
Aug 18, 2006

BRUSSELS - France faced criticism in the European press on Friday for not offering more troops for southern Lebanon, which was seen as jeopardizing the UN force's difficult task of imposing peace.

"France has relaxed the pressure at a vital moment," The Times of London said, accusing Paris in an editorial of backing down from earlier indications that it was ready to play the leading role in the enlarged UN force.

"For France to have retreated from a key role to the realm of 'symbolic' gestures 'symbolises' only one thing: a French loss of nerve," it said after having previously praised French efforts to find a solution to the crisis.
Despite expectations that France would provide the bulk of a planned 15,000 strong UN force, Paris said Thursday it would send 200 troops to reinforce the UN mission in Lebanon.

While it said France was prepared to command the enlarged force, it also called for safety guarantees for its soldiers before making further commitments.

The enlarged peacekeeping force is the keystone in UN Resolution 1701, which outlines the ceasefire and a deployment of Lebanese and international troops to the south of the country to fill the vacuum left by withdrawing Israeli units.

Polish newspaper Rzeczpospolita said: "France made a huge diplomatic effort so that resolution 1701 could be voted. Now it's France that is holding up the application of this resolution."

It said that "Paris does not want its soldiers to run the risk of being caught in the crossfire, with Hezbollah militants on one side and the Israeli army on the other".

Italian newspaper La Repubblica, said France had discovered "that it was afraid" while La Stampa said that Paris and Rome "fear another Bosnia".

Many potential contributors to the force, including France, have expressed concern over the role their soldiers will play and have sought assurances from the United Nations and Lebanon on the conditions of the deployment.

Defending the government's decision, leftwing French newspaper Libération said France was right to demand a clearer mandate before sending more troops.

"When a country such as France is to commit thousands of men for years to a situation that has everything in place to become a quagmire, it's better to have a clear mission. Chirac is in his right to demand a minimum of ambiguities," it said.

In a similar vein, conservative French newspaper Le Figaro said: "This is a highly dangerous mission. If France volunteered to lead it's because it's an opportunity to make a comeback in the Middle East, where (France) has been sidelined by American unilateralism.

"However, the rest of the world cannot step aside and leave France holding the hot potato alone with a help from a few Europeans and the inevitable blue helmets from Fiji."

But Spanish newspaper El Mundo warned that caution could cost the force its effectiveness.

"The reticence shown by France to provide the majority of the 15,000 blue helmets could slow the deployment", it said.

While taking a broader European view, Spanish newspaper El Pais echoed a similar warning, saying that "European countries' doubts about the complexity and the risk of the UN mission in southern Lebanon endanger the deployment of the 15,000 troops."



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UN mission in Lebanon ill-defined: France

PARIS, Aug 18, 2006 (AFP)

France reiterated Friday that the expanded UN force in Lebanon must have a clearly defined mission and rules of engagement, and that it should be truly international.

President Jacques Chirac made the comments in a telephone call to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Chirac's office said.
France, which currently commands the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), has so far offered 200 more troops to the deployment meant to help the Lebanese army police a buffer zone near the southern border with Israel.

That number, given by Chirac late Thursday, would add to the 200 French troops already in UNIFIL, but fall far short of the 2,000-4,000 soldiers France had been expected to send.

In his conversation with Merkel, Chirac stressed "the importance of specifying as far as possible the missions, the rules of engagement, the chain of command and the means of this force," a presidential spokesman said.

He also "insisted on a necessary balance in the distribution of the contingents which must reflect the engagement of all the international community, including the European countries," the spokesman said.

UN Security Council Resolution 1701, unanimously adopted last week, gives a mandate for the UN interim force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) to swell from its current level of 1,990 troops to 15,000 as Israeli forces withdraw from the region.

The UN is hoping to send a first deployment within 10 to 15 days, of between 3,000 and 3,500 soldiers.

Several countries, notably Italy, Indonesia, Malaysia and Turkey, have expressed willingness to contribute troops.

France has suggested that 1,700 navy and air servicemen currently involved in operations off the coast of Lebanon could support UNIFIL, but only under French and not UN command.

Merkel on late Thursday ruled out sending ground troops to join UNIFIL, but said Germany could send a "maritime protection component" and provide logistics, air transport and reconnaissance, depending on what rules of engagement are agreed upon.

France was instrumental in drafting UN resolution 1701 but failed in its bid to have the text include language invoking Chapter VII of the UN Charter, which would have permitted military action to be used to enforce compliance of the resolution.

Paris is concerned that the force to be deployed will not be robust enough or be permitted to oblige both Israel and Hezbollah to abide by the resolution without a strong mandate.

It is particularly conscious of its last peacekeeping effort in Lebanon, which came to an end after suicide bombings in 1983 killed 58 French soldiers and 241 US Marines in Beirut. Washington attributed the attacks to Hezbollah.



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Spot The Difference - Government Propaganda and Terrorism


Snipers kill 16 pilgrims in Baghdad

AP
Sun Aug 20, 2006

BAGHDAD, Iraq - Snipers fired on a major Shiite religious procession in Baghdad Sunday, killing at least 16 pilgrims and injuring 230, officials said. Four suspected gunmen were shot dead by police.

The attacks occurred from rooftops along several points of the procession toward the shrine of Imam Moussa Kadhim in north Baghdad. They occurred in three predominantly Sunni districts - Fadhil, Haifa and Saligh - Health Ministry spokesman Qassim Allawi told The Associated Press.
Security forces killed two snipers in Fadhil and two suspected insurgents who tried to mingle with the crowed in the mixed neighborhood of Zafraniyah, police said.

In one neighborhood, security forces and Shiite militias were seen exchanging gunfire with unseen assailants. Gunfire echoed in the streets as people ran for cover.

The government had deployed thousands of troops and banned private vehicles from the streets to prevent attacks during the two-day commemoration marking the death in 799 of Imam Moussa ibn Jaafar al-Kadhim, one of 12 Shiite saints.

Tens of thousands of Shiites participated in the religious procession Sunday, chanting Islamic slogans and wearing white shrouds to symbolize their willingness to die for Islam.

"We heed your call, Oh Imam!" the pilgrims sang, beating their chest and flagellating themselves with steel chains in a traditional Shiite expression of grief.

A security cordon was thrown around golden-domed shrine where the imam is buried, and all pilgrims were frisked before entering. Troops posted on rooftops closely watched the devout who waved the green flag of Islam and banners of their tribes in vibrant colors.

Last year, the government said about 1,000 people died during the Imam Kadhim commemoration when rumors of suicide bombers triggered a mass stampede on a bridge across the Tigris River. It was the biggest single day death toll since the U.S.-led invasion in March 2003.

Shiites were prevented from mustering huge crowds at religious ceremonies during Saddam Hussein's Sunni-dominated regime. But since Saddam's ouster in 2003, Shiite politicians and religious leaders have encouraged huge turnouts as a demonstration of the majority sect's power.

The ceremonies are taking place during a major U.S.-Iraqi security operation aimed at curbing Sunni-Shiite violence, which threatens the stability of the new government of national unity. Nearly 12,000 U.S. and Iraqi troop reinforcements are coming in to take control of this city of 6 million people neighborhood by neighborhood.



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Explosion hits Moscow market, killing 9

www.chinaview.cn 2006-08-21 15:58:07

MOSCOW, Aug. 20 (Xinhua) -- At least nine people, four of whom were children, were killed in an explosion that hit a market in northeast Moscow on Monday morning, city police was quoted by a Russian news agency as saying.
A gas cylinder exploded at 10:40 a.m. (0640 GMT) in the Eurasia section of Cherkizovsky market in Sirenevy Bulvar district.

Nine people died and 25 more were injured in the explosion, a police spokesman told the Interfax news agency.

Medical assistance is being given to the wounded.



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Moscow Market Blast Possible Act of Terrorism - Russian Emergency Officials

Created: 21.08.2006 11:51 MSK (GMT +3), Updated: 13:02 MSK
MosNews

A powerful blast ripped through a market in eastern Moscow on Monday morning, Russian emergency officials reported. Preliminary reports said the blast was triggered by a hand-made explosive device, although police earlier blamed the explosion on a faulty gas cylinder, the Gazeta.Ru news website reported.

The latest reports say at least ten people were killed and about 30 injured.
"The explosion occurred at around 10:30 a.m., at 2 Sirenevy Boulevard [eastern Moscow]," a police source told the RIA-Novosti news agency. "Then the fire broke out," he added.

Fire brigades and rescuers arrived at the scene.

The Emergency Ministry said the blast occurred after a hand-made explosive device went off at the market.

Some reports said two blasts had been registered at the market, the first having occurred at 10:01, the second followed fifteen minutes later. The blasts caused the market roof to collapse, the ministry said.



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Russia, India Discuss Joint Development of New Weapons, War Games

Created: 21.08.2006 13:16 MSK (GMT +3), Updated: 13:16 MSK
MosNews

Russia and India Monday agreed to focus on joint war games in services-to-services interaction, joint development of new weapons systems and training of Indian military personnel, the Press Trust of India reports.

Visiting Chief of Army Staff General J.J. Singh called on Chief of the Russian General Staff Army General Yuri Baluyevsky to discuss a wide range of issues, including services-to-services cooperation between the land forces of the two nations and sustained supplies of spares for military hardware.
"The two military leaders discussed the plan of interaction between the land forces of the two countries in 2007, with focus on joint exercises," a Russian Defense Ministry release said after the Army Chief's talks with General Baluyevsky.

Joint development of new weapon systems and training of Indian military personnel in Russia's defense institutions were also discussed during General Singh's parleys with the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces.

Singh arrived in Moscow Sunday on a week-long visit at the invitation of his Russian counterpart Colonel General Alexei Maslov.

This is his first visit to Russia as the Army Chief and is seen as part of New Delhi's efforts to allay Moscow's concerns over growing Indo-U.S. bonhomie in the defense sector.



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Ukraine PM Makes Secret Visit to Moscow - Media

Created: 21.08.2006 13:52 MSK (GMT +3), Updated: 13:52 MSK
MosNews

Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovich made a secret visit to Moscow on Saturday, Ukrainian media reported, in what would be his second trip to Russia this week.

The government's press office refused to comment on the Ukrainian news agency and television reports. Yanukovich's spokesman could not be reached for confirmation, AP said.
The leader of the pro-Russian Party of Regions who was confirmed as prime minister earlier this month visited Russia's Black Sea resort of Sochi earlier this week, where he met with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov.

Talks focused on reaching a deal with Russia over natural gas supplies - a pressing task for Yanukovich, who raised expectations that his warmer links with Moscow might help secure concessions. The Sochi meeting ended with no significant breakthroughs, and Yanukovich described the talks as "rather difficult."

Russia strongly supported Yanukovich's fraud-marred bid to win Ukraine's presidency in 2004, and his return as prime minister was welcomed in Russia as a way to balance Ukraine's pro-Western president, Viktor Yushchenko, who has wanted to move Ukraine into NATO and the European Union.

Ukrainian media reported Saturday that Yanukovich flew to Moscow on Friday and planned to return Saturday evening. Yanukovich's office canceled the premier's meetings Friday and Saturday in Kiev, citing scheduling changes.

In the past month, Yanukovich has publicly drifted from his party's earlier pro-Russian pronouncements, pledging that the president's foreign policy initiatives would remain unchanged.

After returning from the Sochi meeting, Yanukovich spoke by telephone with U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who encouraged further cooperation with the United States, Yanukovich's office said.

Yanukovich has said he also hopes to visit Brussels and Washington.



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France, Britain sign anti-terror cooperation pact

AFP
Aug 17, 2006

PARIS - The interior ministers of France and Britain on Wednesday signed a text pledging cooperation between their countries in the fight against terrorist activity in Europe.

The threat of terrorism is "heightened and permanent" said the French text of the agreement signed by France's Interior Minister Nicholas Sarkozy and his British counterpart, Home Secretary John Reid.

They agreed their efforts should aim to prevent terror attacks and protect the public, as well as pursue and arrest terrorists.
The agreement, a copy of which was obtained by AFP ahead of publication in French daily Le Figaro, followed talks by European Union ministers in London, where an alleged plot to bomb US-bound airliners was foiled last week.

Britain and France pledged to cooperate to prevent "radicalisation and recruitment" of potential terrorists and to ensure that their police and judiciaries work efficiently to stop terrorists finding refuge in Europe after committing attacks.

One concrete proposal in the text is to step up research for technology to detect liquid explosives, which the suspected plotters were allegedly planning to smuggle on board airliners and detonate in midflight.

The ministers' text said, however, that they did not wish to give the impression that the Islamic world was being targeted by the measures. Most of those arrested over last week's alleged plot were of Pakistani origin.

Reid said after Wednesday's talks with his EU counterparts that terrorism was "a persistent and very real threat across Europe".

At the talks, the European Commission promised to introduce a series of measures to strengthen airport security, boost cross-border intelligence sharing and tighten controls on explosives.



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Saudi Arabia And Britain Complete 10 Billion Pound Defence Deal

AFP
Aug 18, 2006

London - Britain has signed an agreement with Saudi Arabia to provide it with 72 Eurofighter Typhoon jets, the Financial Times reported on Friday. The deal is worth 10 billion pounds (18.8 billion dollars, 14.7 billion euros), and could more than double in value over the next 25 years if BAE Systems, Britain's biggest defence manufacturer, maintains and upgrades the jets.

According to the newspaper, Britain's Defence Secretary Des Browne and his Saudi counterpart have both signed the agreement, though both the Ministry of Defence and BAE declined to comment on the deal.

The Eurofighters themselves will cost 5.4 billion pounds, with an extra five billion pounds for on-board missiles, various other parts, and initial support.
BAE might handle the maintenance and upgrading of the fighter jets, but the newspaper reported that Saudi Arabia is keen for local companies to do the work.

The Saudi finance ministry is authorising the initial payment on the agreement, which could come as early as next week. Upon receiving the payment, BAE would have to make an announcement to the London Stock Exchange.

The agreement is also a boost for the other three countries -- Germany, Italy and Spain -- building the jets, though the Financial Times quoted Scott Babka, an aerospace analyst at investment bank Morgan Stanley, as saying BAE would be the biggest benefactor because it will be the "prime contractor".

The Times reported on Monday that the sale could be announced as early as this week.



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New Saddam trial begins

Monday 21 August 2006, 12:33 Makka Time, 9:33 GMT

Saddam Hussein and six former army commanders went on trial in Baghdad on Monday on charges of killing tens of thousands of Kurdish villagers in a campaign that devastated northern Iraq in 1988.

The ousted Iraqi leader initially refused to identity himself to the court and after being pressed to do so he lashed out at judge Abdallah al-Ameri, accusing him of working on behalf of the US forces which invaded Iraq in March 2003.
"You are here in the name of the occupier not in the name of Iraq. My name is known to Iraqis and to the world," Saddam declared, speaking clearly and in a strong voice.

He introduced himself as "Saddam Hussein, the President of the Republic of Iraq and the commander-in-chief of the Mujahedeen (the Iraqi armed forces)".

Defiant Saddam

But when the time came to enter a plea, Saddam refused, and the judge ordered a plea of "innocent" to be entered into the record.

One of Saddam's co-defendants is his cousin, Ali Hassan al-Majid, known as "Chemical Ali" because of poisonous gas attacks he is alleged to have been behind.

The former president, already awaiting a verdict in another trial on charges of killing 148 Shia Muslim men and boys, is likely to challenge the legitimacy of the special tribunal by saying it was created under US occupation.

The seven defendants face charges for their role in military offensives codenamed Anfal - the Spoils of War - after the title of a chapter of the Koran.

Iraqi forces are accused of launching mustard gas and nerve agent attacks in the Anfal campaign, seen as one of the most potent symbols of Kurdish suffering under Saddam.

Grave charges

All seven accused face charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity for the seven-month onslaught. Saddam and Majid also face the more serious charge of genocide, which carries the death penalty.

Many villages were razed and hundreds of thousands of people were displaced or killed during the attacks.

Saddam and his co-accused are likely to argue that their crackdown was justified because Kurdish rebels and their leaders had committed treason by forming alliances with Iran.

US and Iraqi officials had hoped the first trial against Saddam, for the killings of Shia members in the town of Dujail after an attempt on his life there, would lead to swift justice.

But the trial has been marred by the killings of three defence lawyers and the loss of the original chief judge, who resigned to protest at what he said was government interference.



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Iran says no to uranium enrichment suspension

www.chinaview.cn 2006-08-21 12:04:40

BEIJING, Aug. 21 (Xinhua) -- Iran has stood firm on its position of rejecting the suspension of uranium enrichment, just two days ahead of its formal response to the six-nation nuclear package, due on Tuesday.

An Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman said on Sunday that the country would not suspend uranium enrichment and would offer a multi-dimensional response to the six-nation package aimed at solving the Iranian nuclear issue.
"The issue of suspension ... is not on the agenda of the Islamic Republic of Iran," Hamid Reza Asefi told reporters in his weekly press conference.

He also reiterated Iran's rejection to a UN Security Council resolution that demands suspension of its uranium enrichment by Aug. 31.

"The resolution has no legal validity and is unacceptable for the Islamic Republic," he said.

The Security Council adopted the resolution on July 31, urging Tehran to "suspend all enrichment-related and reprocessing activities, including research and development" by Aug. 31 or face possible sanctions.

Asefi said Iran was in the final stages of reviewing the package.

"The package has various dimensions, so our response will also be multi-dimensional," he said.

Also on Sunday, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan appealed to Iran for a positive response to the package of incentives offered by six countries -- Britain, China, France, Germany, Russia and the United States.

"I appeal to the government of Iran to seize this historic opportunity. Iran's reply will, I trust, be positive and that this will be the foundation for a final, negotiated settlement," Annan said in a statement.

Annan said that progress on the Iranian nuclear issue was essential for regional and global stability.

"In a time of acute crisis in the Middle East, I believe that progress on the nuclear issue is essential for the stability not only of the region, but the international system itself," he said.

"It is time to take steps in the right direction. I am convinced that a way is now open for setting a milestone for international non-proliferation efforts," he said.

The incentive package includes promises that the United States and Europe will provide civilian nuclear technology and that Washington will join direct talks with Iran in exchange of Iran's suspension of uranium enrichment.

Iran has said that the package is an "acceptable basis" for a compromise. Asefi said part of the package was "convincing" but there were ambiguities that needed to be clarified through talks.

Earlier, Iran's state-run television reported that the military test-fired 10 surface-to-surface Saegheh missiles on Sunday, a day after large-scale military exercises began across the country.

The White House blasted Iran's move as "show of military force" and said it "serves to remind us of the dangers of its nuclear ambitions."

Iran insists that its nuclear program only has the peaceful aim of generating electricity.



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Amateur Warlords

By Eric Margolis
08/20/06 "Toronto Sun"

For a leader who styles himself "the war president," U.S. Commander-in-Chief George W. Bush's military record now stands at 0 for 4. Even Italy's born-again "imperial Roman conqueror," Benito Mussolini, fared better.
- Fiasco I: Five years after Bush ordered Afghanistan invaded and proclaimed "total victory," U.S. and allied forces are fighting a losing war against Afghan resistance groups. Afghan heroin exports are up 90%. The U.S. just quietly deployed thousands more troops to Afghanistan to hunt Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri in a desperate attempt to save Republicans from getting clobbered in November midterm elections.

- Fiasco II: "Mission accomplished" in Iraq. Bush's war in Iraq is clearly lost, but few dare admit it. The U.S. has spent $300 billion on Afghanistan and Iraq, with nothing to show but bloody chaos, deficits, body bags, and growing hatred of America. The Bush/Dick Cheney "liberation" of Iraq has now cost more than the Vietnam War.

- Fiasco III: The White House had the CIA and Pentagon spend tens of millions bribing Somali warlords to fight Islamist reformers trying to bring law and order to their strife-ravaged nation. The Islamists whipped CIA-backed warlords and ran them out of Somalia. Following this defeat, the U.S. is now urging ally Ethiopia -- shades of Lebanon -- to invade Somalia, thus raising the threat of a wider war between Somalia, Ethiopia, and Eritrea. Good work, Mr. President.

- Fiasco IV: Bush and Vice President Cheney egged Israel into the hugely destructive but militarily fruitless war in Lebanon over the past month, in what many view as the first part of their long-nurtured plan to militarily crush Hezbollah, Syria and Iran. They did there best to thwart world efforts to halt the conflict.

To Washington and London's shock and awe, Hezbollah, Iran, and Syria emerged the war's victors. Hezbollah is now the Muslim world's new hero after battling Israel's mighty armed forces to a humiliating draw.

Hezbollah's victory put the kibosh on the Bush/Cheney Holy Land crusade.

No sooner had bombing stopped last week than Hezbollah bulldozers were busy clearing rubble, and Hezbollah social workers resettling refugees. Perhaps Bush should ask Hezbollah to take over rebuilding New Orleans.

Israelis have now turned from fighting Arabs to furious finger-pointing. Politicians and generals are blaming each other for the Lebanon debacle that killed 118 Israeli soldiers and 41 Israeli civilians, cost at least $1 billion, ruined the summer tourist trade, and, after a burst of initial sympathy, brought worldwide condemnation. And no captured soldiers -- the war's supposed objective -- have been yet returned.

Still, a swap of Israeli prisoners for Lebanese and Palestinian ones remains likely, as this column predicted at the war's beginning. The killing of 1,000 Lebanese civilians, a million Lebanese and Israelis made refugees, and billions in wanton destruction, could all have been avoided.

Routine Skirmish

By turning a routine skirmish into a big war, Israel's PM Ehud Olmert showed he had no more grasp of military affairs than those other amateur warlords, Bush, Cheney and British PM Tony Blair.

Even Washington hawks are wondering if invading Iran may not be such a cakewalk as they envision. Iran's Revolutionary Guards helped train and arm Hezbollah's fighters.

America was the big loser in the Lebanon war. From Morocco to Indonesia, each night some 1.5 billion Muslims watched the carnage in Lebanon on TV and most blamed America. Even the poorest shepherd in Uzbekistan heard that the U.S. was airlifting the precision bombs and deadly cluster munitions to Israel that wound up killing hundreds of Lebanese.

Any hope of damping down the Islamic world's surging hatred of the U.S., Britain, and Israel (and now Canada, thanks to the federal government's pro-Israel stance) was killed in Lebanon.

Even the interestingly-timed airport hysteria in London over claims of liquid bomb plots failed to divert attention from the latest egregious U.S.-British Mideast policy disaster.

The "war president" has become the fiasco president. The White House should stop listening to bogus military advice from neocon couch commandos who thirst for Muslim blood, and start listening to experienced Pentagon officers who understand the meaning and cost of war.





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US - Land Of Opportunism, Murder, Sex Deviancy


Bush confused by earpiece, embarrasses self and nation, again

August Saturday 19th 2006 (17h01)

El Supremo answers a question about the illegal wiretapping...




About the 1:20 mark of this video Bush appears to be confused by the message fed thru his earpiece.

We... I made my position clear about this war on terror and I... by the way, the enemy made their position clear, yet again, when they... when we are able to stop them.


The transcript doesn't do it justice... you gotta watch this for knee-slapping comedy.

It's okay to get a sentence mixed up, but an intelligent person ought to be able to recover and re-state the point into some sort of logical sense. Bush doesn't do that.

It is obvious to anyone paying attention that Bush must be impeached immediately for violating our constitution and breaking the law. Remember Nixon? Buy beyond that, we must laugh him out of office for this nonsense and embarrass him to the point that the world understands that we are not a nation of idiots, despite being ruled by one, and the elite understand that they should try a little harder when they put up a puppet president.



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Military recruiters cited for misconduct

By MARTHA MENDOZA
AP National Writer
August 20, 2006

More than 100 young women who expressed interest in joining the military in the past year were preyed upon sexually by their recruiters. Women were raped on recruiting office couches, assaulted in government cars and groped en route to entrance exams.

A six-month Associated Press investigation found that more than 80 military recruiters were disciplined last year for sexual misconduct with potential enlistees. The cases occurred across all branches of the military and in all regions of the country.

"This should never be allowed to happen," said one 18-year-old victim. "The recruiter had all the power. He had the uniform. He had my future. I trusted him."
At least 35 Army recruiters, 18 Marine Corps recruiters, 18 Navy recruiters and 12 Air Force recruiters were disciplined for sexual misconduct or other inappropriate behavior with potential enlistees in 2005, according to records obtained by the AP under dozens of Freedom of Information Act requests. That's significantly more than the handful of cases disclosed in the past decade.

The AP also found:

- The Army, which accounts for almost half of the military, has had 722 recruiters accused of rape and sexual misconduct since 1996.

- Across all services, one out of 200 frontline recruiters - the ones who deal directly with young people - was disciplined for sexual misconduct last year.

- Some cases of improper behavior involved romantic relationships, and sometimes those relationships were initiated by the women.

- Most recruiters found guilty of sexual misconduct are disciplined administratively, facing a reduction in rank or forfeiture of pay; military and civilian prosecutions are rare.

- The increase in sexual misconduct incidents is consistent with overall recruiter wrongdoing, which has increased from just over 400 cases in 2004 to 630 cases in 2005, according to a General Accounting Office report released this week.

The Pentagon has committed more than $1.5 billion to recruiting efforts this year. Defense Department spokeswoman Lt. Col. Ellen Krenke insisted that each of the services takes the issue of sexual misconduct by recruiters "very seriously and has processes in place to identify and deal with those members who act inappropriately."

In the Army, 53 recruiters were charged with misconduct last year. Recruiting spokesman S. Douglas Smith said the Army has put much energy into training its staff to avoid these problems.

"To have 53 allegations in a year, while it is 53 more than we would want, is not indicative of the entire command of 8,000 recruiters," he said. "We take this very seriously and we take appropriate action as necessary to discipline these people."

___

The Associated Press generally does not name victims in sexual assault cases. For this story, the AP interviewed victims in their homes and perpetrators in jail, read police and court accounts of assaults and in one case portions of a victim's journal.

A pattern emerged. The sexual misconduct almost always takes place in recruiting stations, recruiters apartments or government vehicles. The victims are typically between 16 and 18 years old, and they usually are thinking about enlisting. They usually meet the recruiters at their high schools, but sometimes at malls or recruiting offices.

"We had been drinking, yes. And we went to the recruiting station at about midnight," begins one girl's story.

Tall and slim, her long hair sweeping down her back, this 18-year-old from Ukiah, Calif., hides her face in her hands as she describes the night when Marine Corps recruiter Sgt. Brian Fukushima climbed into her sleeping bag on the floor of the station and took off her pants. Two other recruiters were having sex with two of her friends in the same room.

"I don't like to talk about it. I don't like to think about it," she says, her voice muffled and breaking. "He got into my sleeping bag, unbuttoned my pants, and he started, well ..."

Her voice trails off, and she is quiet for a moment. "I had a freak-out session and just passed out. When I woke up I was sick and ashamed. My clothes were all over the floor."

Fukushima was convicted of misconduct in a military court after other young women reported similar assaults. He left the service with a less than honorable discharge last fall.

His military attorney, Capt. James Weirick, said Fukushima is "sorry that he let his family down and the Marine Corps down. It was a lapse in judgment."

Shedrick Hamilton uses the same phrase to describe his own actions that landed him in Oneida Correctional Facility in upstate New York for 15 months for having sex with a 16-year-old high school student he met while working as a Marine Corps recruiter.

Hamilton said the victim had dropped her pants in his office as a prank a few weeks earlier, and that on this day she reached over and caressed his groin while he was driving her to a recruiting event.

"I pulled over and asked her to climb into the back seat," he said. "I should have pushed her away. I was the adult in the situation. I should have put my foot down, called her parents."

As a result, he was convicted of third-degree rape, and left the service with an other-than-honorable discharge. He wipes the collar of his prison jumpsuit across his cheek, smearing tears that won't stop.

"I literally kick myself ... every day. It hurts. It hurts a lot. As much as I pray, as much as I work on it in counseling, I still can't repair the pain that I caused a girl, her family, my family, my kids. It's very hard to deal with," he says, dropping his head. "It's very, very hard to deal with."

In Gainesville, Fla., a 20-year-old woman told this story: Walking into an Army recruiting station last summer, she was greeted by Sgt. George Kirkman, a 6-foot-4, 220-pound soldier. Kirkman is 41.

He was friendly and encouraging, but told her she might be a bit too heavy. He asked if she wanted to go to the gym with him. She agreed, and he drove her to his apartment complex.

There, he walked her to his apartment, pulled out a laptop, and suggested she take a basic recruiting aptitude test. Afterward, Kirkman said he needed to measure her. Twice. He said she had to take her pants off. And he attacked her.

Kirkman, who did not respond to repeated requests for an interview, pleaded no contest to sexual battery in January and is on probation and a registered sexual offender. He's still in the military, working now as a clerk in the Jacksonville, Fla., Army recruiting office.

Not all of the victims are young women. Former Navy recruiter Joseph Sampy, 27, of Jeanerette, La., is serving a 12-year sentence for molesting three male recruits.

"He did something wrong, something terrible to people who were the most vulnerable," State District Judge Lori Landry said before handing down the sentence in July, 2005. "He took advantage of his authority."

One of Sampy's victims is suing him and the Navy for $1.25 million. The trial is scheduled for next spring.

___

Sometimes these incidents are indisputable, forcible rapes.

"He did whatever he pleased," said one victim who was 17 at the time. "... People in uniform used to make me feel safe. Now they make me feel nervous."

Other sexual misconduct is more nuanced. Recruiters insist the victims were interested in them, and sometimes the victims agree. Sometimes they even dated.

"I was persuaded into doing something that I didn't necessarily want to do, but I did it willingly," said Kelly Chase, now a Marine Corps combat photographer, whose testimony helped convict a recruiter of sexual misconduct last year.

Former Navy recruiter Paul Sistrunk, a plant supervisor in Conehatta, Miss., who had an affair with a potential recruit in 1995, says their relationship was entirely consensual.

She was 18, an adult; he was 26 and married.

"Things happen, you know?" says Sistrunk, who opted for an other-than-honorable discharge rather than face court-martial. "Morally, what I did was wrong, but legally, I don't think so."

A nine-year veteran of the Navy, Sistrunk lost his pension and health benefits. His victim, who discovered during a medical exam at boot camp that she had contracted herpes, unsuccessfully tried to sue the federal government.

"In my case," said Sistrunk, "I was flirted with, and flirting, well, that's something I hadn't seen a lot of until I became a recruiter. I had no power over her. I really didn't."

Kimberly Lonsway, an expert in sexual assault and workplace discrimination in San Luis Obispo, Calif., said "even if there isn't overt violence, the reality is that these recruiters really do hold the keys to the future for these women, and a 17-year-old girl often has a very different understanding of the situation than a 23-year-old recruiter."

"There's a power dynamic here that's obviously very sensitive," agreed Elaine Donnelly, president of the Center for Military Readiness, a group that studies military policy.

"Let's face it, these guys are handsome in their uniform, they're mature, they give a lot of attention to these girls, and as recruiters they do a lot of the same things that guys do when they want to appeal to girls. There's a very fine line there, and it can be very hard to maintain a professional approach."

Weirick, the Marine Corps defense attorney who has represented several recruiters on rape and sexual misconduct charges, said it's a problem that will probably never entirely go away.

"It's difficult because of the nature of nature," he said. "It's hard to put it in another way, you know? It's usually a consensual relationship or dating type of thing."

When asked if victims feel this way, he said, "It's really a victimless crime other than the institution of the Marine Corps. It's institutional integrity we're protecting, by not allowing this to happen."

Anita Sanchez, director of communications at the Miles Foundation, a national advocacy group for victims of violence in the military, bristles at the idea that the enlistees, even if they flirt or ask to date recruiters, are willingly having sex with them.

"You have a recruiter who can enable you to join the service or not join the service. That has life-changing implications for you as a high school student or college student," she said. "If she does not do this her life will be seriously impacted. Instead of getting training and an education, she might end up a dishwasher."

Ethan Walker, who spent eight years in the Marine Corps including a stint as a recruiter from 1998 to 2000, said he was warned.

"They told us at recruiter school that girls, 15, 16, are going to come up to you, they're going to flirt with you, they're going to do everything in their power to get you in bed. But if you do it you're breaking the law," he said.

Even so, he said he was initially taken aback when he set up a table at a high school and had girls telling him he looked sexy and handing him their telephone numbers.

"All that is, you have to remind yourself, is that there's jail bait, a quick way to get in trouble, a quick way to dishonor the service," he said.

All of the recruiters the AP spoke with, including Walker, said they were routinely alone in their offices and cars with girls. Walker said he heard about sleepovers at other recruiting stations, and there was no rule against it. There didn't need to be a rule, he said. The lines were clear: Recruiters do not sleep with enlistees.

"Any recruiter that would try to claim that, 'Oh, it's consensual,' they are lying, they are lying through their teeth," he said. "The recruiter has all the power in these situations."

___

Although the Uniform Code of Military Justice bars recruiters from having sex with potential recruits, it also states that age 16 is the legal age of consent. This means that if a recruiter is caught having sex with a 16-year-old, and he can prove it was consensual, he will likely only face an administrative reprimand.

But not under new rules set by the Indiana Army National Guard.

There, a much stricter policy, apparently the first of its kind in the country, was instituted last year after seven victims came forward to charge National Guard recruiter Sgt. Eric Vetesy with rape and assault.

"We didn't just sit on our hands and say, 'Well, these things happen, they're wrong, and we'll try to prevent it.' That's a bunch of bull," said Lt. Col. Ivan Denton, commander of the Indiana Guard's recruiting battalion.

Now, the 164 Army National Guard recruiters in Indiana follow a "No One Alone" policy. Male recruiters cannot be alone in offices, cars, or anywhere else with a female enlistee. If they are, they risk immediate disciplinary action. Recruiters also face discipline if they hear of another recruiter's misconduct and don't report it.

At their first meeting, National Guard applicants, their parents and school officials are given wallet-sized "Guard Cards" advising them of the rules. It includes a telephone number to call if they experience anything unsafe or improper.

Denton said the policy does more than protect enlistees.

"It's protecting our recruiters as well," he said.

The result?

"We've had a lot fewer problems," said Denton. "It's almost like we're changing the culture in our recruiting."



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Sen. Hagel says GOP has lost its way

By WILL LESTER
Associated Press
August 20, 2006

WASHINGTON - Republicans have lost their way when it comes to many core GOP principles and may be in jeopardy heading into the fall elections, Sen. Chuck Hagel, R-Neb. says. Hagel, a possible presidential candidate in 2008, said Sunday that the GOP today is very different party from the one when he first voted Republican.

"First time I voted was in 1968 on top of a tank in the Mekong Delta," said Hagel, a Vietnam veteran. "I voted a straight Republican ticket. The reason I did is because I believe in the Republican philosophy of governance. It's not what it used to be. I don't think it's the same today."
Hagel asked: "Where is the fiscal responsibility of the party I joined in '68? Where is the international engagement of the party I joined - fair, free trade, individual responsibility, not building a bigger government, but building a smaller government?"

His frustration does not lead him to think Democrats offer a better alternative. But Hagel wants to see the GOP return to its basic beliefs.

"I think we've lost our way," Hagel said. "And I think the Republicans are going to be in some jeopardy for that and will be held accountable."

Hagel has not decided whether he will run for president in 2008. But he respects his wife's reservations about being first lady - cited in a book about Hagel.

"I think it just shows the immense good judgment of my wife and how sane she is. I don't know of any spouse who would wish the job of president on their husband or wife," Hagel said on Fox News Sunday. "It's a big job. It's a tough job."



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US facing wave of murders and gun violence

By Jason Szep
Reuters
Sun Aug 20, 2006

ROXBURY, Massachusetts - Analicia Perry was kneeling to light a candle at a makeshift shrine to her brother when she was shot in the face and killed -- four years to the day after her brother was gunned down on the same spot.

The slaying of the 20-year-old mother -- on a narrow street behind a police station in Boston's poor Roxbury district last month -- is one of the shocking examples of a rise in the murder rate across the United States that is raising questions about whether police are fighting terrorism at the expense of crime.

In a shift from trends of the past decade, violent crime is on the rise, fueling criticism of Bush administration policies as a wave of murders and shootings hits smaller cities and states with little experience with serious urban violence.
From Kansas City, Missouri, to Indianapolis, Indiana, places that rarely attract notice on annual FBI crime surveys are seeing significant increases in murder. Boston, once a model city in America's battle against gun violence, is poised to eclipse last year's homicide tally, which was the worst in a decade.

Explanations vary -- from softer gun laws to budget cuts, fewer police on the beat, more people in poverty and simple complacency. But many blame a national preoccupation with potential threats from abroad.

"Since September 11, much of the resources that were distributed to crime-fighting efforts in Boston and other major cities were redistributed to fight terrorism," said Jack Levin, director of the Brudnick Center on Violence and Conflict at Northeastern University.

"The feds had supported after-school programs. They had supported placing more police officers in crime hot spots in major cities. These federal efforts were reduced," he said.

VIOLENT CRIMES INCREASE

A 2005 Federal Bureau of Investigation crime report, issued last month, showed violent crime increasing for the first time in four years in 2005, up 2.5 percent from the year before, with medium-size cities and the Midwest leading the way.

While New York, Los Angeles and Miami still are enjoying drops in crime, smaller cities with populations of more than 500,000 are raising the alarm, posting an 8.3 percent rise in violent crime in 2005. Nationwide, the murder rate rose 5 percent -- the biggest rise in a single year since 1991.

After dramatic declines in murder rates in the 1990s, some cities dropped programs that emphasized prevention and controls on the spread of guns, often citing budget cuts.

"The Bush administration has scaled back funding for federal cops program," said Jens Ludwig, a criminal justice expert at Georgetown University. "From 1993 to 2000 we saw an impressive run-up in the number of law enforcement people patrolling against crime. That has really slowed down."

Of the 57 murders in Kansas City this year, 45 involved guns. "When things start getting out of control, people start shooting," said police Capt. Richard Lockhart.

Police in Indianapolis are clocking overtime after a dozen shootings in less than a week at the start of August that began with a cab driver gunned down. The city has had 71 murders this year, up from 51 a year ago.

WASHINGTON'S CRIME EMERGENCY

The police chief in Washington, D.C., declared a crime emergency in July following the murder of a British political activist in the exclusive Georgetown neighborhood and a spate of attacks on tourists on the National Mall.

Several Midwest cities are on pace for a rise in murders this year, including Cincinnati and Columbus in Ohio and Memphis, Tennessee.

"It isn't gang or drug violence, it's just people getting violent," said Mark Williams, an assistant district attorney in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. "A lot of them are minor disagreements and people using guns to settle them."

From the expiration of a federal ban on assault rifles to tougher restrictions on databases that identify gun owners, gun laws have weakened in the past five years, said Daniel Vice, an attorney with the Brady Center to Prevent Handgun Violence.

"The top five states with the highest gun death rates are five states with incredibly weak gun laws," he said, listing Louisiana, Alabama, Alaska, New Mexico and Wyoming.

In Miami, while overall crime is down, the use of semi-automatic weapons is growing.

"These things are dirt cheap," Police Chief John Timoney told Reuters, estimating the street price at $250 each. "We have seen these assault weapons being used time and time again by drug gangs."



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Experts: Sex Slavery Widespread in US

By LARRY NEUMEISTER
Associated Press
August 20, 2006

NEW YORK - Raids that uncovered more than 70 suspected sex slaves focused on 20 brothels in the East, but they illustrated a long-ignored national problem found in towns large and small, experts say.

"It's a very overwhelming subject for a lot of people to recognize that there is slavery at this time in our country," said Carole Angel, staff attorney with the Immigrant Women Program of the women's rights advocacy group Legal Momentum in Washington. "It's hard for us as humans to contemplate what this means."

The concept of slavery in the 21st century is foreign to most people, agreed Jolene Smith, executive director of Free The Slaves, a Washington-based organization dedicated to ending slavery worldwide.

"Americans are conditioned to believe that slavery was a thing of the past," Smith said. "We have to reeducate ourselves about this reality."

On Tuesday, federal and local law enforcement raided brothels disguised as massage parlors, health spas and acupuncture clinics in New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Maryland, Rhode Island and the District of Columbia, arresting 31 people on trafficking charges.
Authorities said they also freed more than 70 sex workers, taking them to undisclosed locations for questioning and to provide basic services such as health care and food. Authorities said it might take weeks to get the Korean immigrants to trust them enough to discuss their ordeal.

"Human traffickers profit by turning dreams into nightmares," said U.S. Attorney Michael Garcia in Manhattan, where the majority of the traffickers face prosecution. "These women sought a better life in America and found instead forced prostitution and misery."

Angel said the raids should not give the impression that trafficking is limited to immigrants, who are often enticed into coming to America for legitimate jobs but then forced to work in brothels, sweatshops and restaurants to pay off debts of up to $30,000 to their traffickers.

"There are so many faces on this," she said. "It happens in rural communities, big cities. It spans all education levels, different countries, different races."

Such forced labor also thrives in agricultural and domestic work, as well as in sweatshops or unregulated industries, said Laurel Fletcher, law professor at the University of California at Berkeley International Human Rights Law Clinic.

Fletcher was one of several authors of a 2004 report believed to be the first comprehensive study of forced labor in the United States.

That study, by Free The Slaves and the Human Rights Center of the University of California at Berkeley, concluded that at least 10,000 people are forced laborers at any time across the United States.

The State Department estimates there are among up to 800,000 trafficking victims worldwide.

The Berkeley study concluded that forced labor victims came from more than 35 countries, with the most from China, followed by Mexico and Vietnam. It found reports of forced labor in at least 90 U.S. cities, most often in areas with large immigrant populations.

Fletcher cautioned that trafficking in smaller communities is likely harder to detect.

The study also concluded that prostitution and sex services accounted for 46 percent of the documented forced labor. Domestic service made up 27 percent, agriculture 10 percent, sweatshop factory work 5 percent and restaurant and hotel work 4 percent.

Julie L. Myers, assistant secretary for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, said the federal government has begun numerous investigations and seized tens of millions of dollars from traffickers.

With increased investigations, the number of arrests has risen more than 400 percent in recent years, Myers said. And the amount of assets seized from human smugglers and human trafficking organizations has gone from almost nothing in 2003 to nearly $27 million in 2005, she noted.

Myers said criminals look at the slaves as a commodity.

"But we know that the victims of trafficking and smuggling are not cargo," Myers said. They are human beings who often have been mentally and physically broken down in every way possible."



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CIA's secret UK bank trawl may be illegal

Alexi Mostrous and Ian Cobain
Monday August 21, 2006
The Guardian

A covert programme under which confidential information about British banking transactions is passed to the CIA with the full knowledge of the government may breach both British and European law, the Guardian has learned.

The information commissioner, who is responsible for enforcing the Data Protection Act, is investigating the arrangement, which has seen details of computerised transactions from around the world passed to the CIA in an attempt to spy on the financiers of jihadist terrorism.
The US government has acknowledged that the agency has been receiving international financial records from the Belgian-based co-operative which processes money transfers on behalf of the world's banks. The programme was launched in the wake of the September 11 attacks.

Data handed over each year by the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, or Swift, includes the details of an estimated 4.6 million British banking transactions.

A spokesman for the information commissioner told the Guardian that the privacy issue was being taken "extremely seriously". If the CIA had accessed financial data belonging to European individuals then this was "likely to be a breach of EU data protection legislation", he said, adding that UK data protection laws may also have been breached if British banking transactions had been handed over. The commissioner is requesting more information from Swift and the Belgium authorities before deciding how to proceed.

The Bank of England, one of the 10 central banks with a place on Swift's managing committee, revealed it had told the British government about the programme in 2002. "When we found out we informed the Treasury and passed the relationship over to them," Peter Rogers of the Bank said. "We also told Swift that they had to speak to the government themselves. It had nothing to do with us. It was a matter of security and not of finance. It was an issue between Swift and the government."

In a written parliamentary answer, Gordon Brown last month confirmed the government was aware of the arrangement. Citing government policy not to comment on "specific security issues", however, the chancellor refused to say whether measures had been taken to "ensure the privacy of UK citizens who may have had their financial transactions viewed as part of US counter-terrorism investigations in conjunction with Swift". He also refused to say whether the Swift programme was "legally reconciled" with Article 8 of the European convention on human rights.

Vincent Cable, the Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesman who tabled the questions, said: "This feeble response shows the chancellor is taking refuge behind national security. I'm not asking for sensitive security information on individual cases, but for a reassurance that the collaboration with the US was lawful."

A Home Office spokesman said the government had been given "no reason to believe the operation was unlawful", adding that it "strongly supports US efforts to target, disrupt and cut off sources of funding for terrorism". He declined to comment on the commissioner's assessment that the programme may be illegal.

Under US law, the legal basis for eliciting information from Swift was "absolutely clear," according to Stuart Levey, the under secretary for the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence.

But concerns over the potential for abuse were heightened when the US Treasury later admitted that at least one search had been carried out "inappropriately". "The person who conducted that search is no longer allowed to work on this programme," a spokesman said.

In a statement, Swift said that it had acted in response to legally issued subpoenas. "Our fundamental principle has been to preserve the confidentiality of our users' data while complying with the lawful obligations in countries where we operate," it said.



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Man Confesses to Killing 7 in Missouri

Monday August 21, 2006 10:46 AM
By HEATHER HOLLINGSWORTH
Associated Press Writer

DREXEL, Mo. (AP) - A Missouri man who police say confessed to killing, dismembering and burning the bodies of seven men in his bedroom fireplace was charged Sunday with one count of murder. Michael Lee Shaver Jr., 33, was charged with first-degree murder and armed criminal action related to a killing around the fall 2001.

Shaver, who police say spontaneously confessed after he was arrested following a failed carjacking, told investigators that he had shot and killed seven people at his residence during drug transactions so he could take their money and drugs, Cass County Sheriff's Capt. Chuck Stocking said.
Shaver claimed that after he killed the men - all between the ages of 20 and 40 and from the Kansas City area - he dismembered the bodies, burned the parts in a fireplace in his bedroom, then used a hammer to crush large bones and skulls, authorities and the probable case statement said.

Shaver said he then spread the bone fragments around his back yard.

Investigators found bone fragments from two people Saturday on the plot of land northeast of Drexel in western Missouri, and were scouring the property for additional victims.

Authorities did not know when Shaver would be arraigned, and police didn't know whether he had an attorney.

Authorities said they aren't ruling out the possibility that he is exaggerating about the killings.

"He can say that he killed 50, but we have to prove that he actually did,'' Stocking said.

Shaver was arrested Friday after he and another man, Nathan Wasmer, 27, were in a speeding vehicle that went off the side of the road and wrecked, Stocking said. He said the two men tried to carjack a witness, but fled after they couldn't get into the woman's vehicle.

The witness told a 911 dispatcher that the two men were armed with guns. The men were tracked down to a residential area, where Wasmer surrendered after an hour-long standoff and Shaver was found about a half-hour later hiding in a nearby yard, officials said.

Stocking said Shaver told deputies as he was being placed into a patrol car that he knew of human remains on the wooded property where he lives, and that he wanted to talk to someone about it.

"It was a spontaneous statement he made while he was being interviewed for the carjacking,'' said Stocking.

"I didn't believe him,'' Smeter.

The deaths occurred over about five years, investigators said. The most recent remains are several months old, Cpl. Kevin Tieman said.

Neighbors described the suspect as a heavy drinking, loud, unfriendly man who they believed was involved in criminal activity.

"It's just all the traffic,'' neighbor Russ Feeback said. "Everyone likes it quiet and he's out here hollering and screaming. And every once in a while there would be a gunshot.''

Neighbors said Shaver lived with his mother and her boyfriend or husband, and another man may have lived at the house. Shaver's mother, Shirley A. Bryson, 53, was released on bond Sunday on a charge of hindering prosecution, which stemmed from an incident at the house Thursday that involved Wasmer.



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Minorities seek history class changes

By ERIN TEXEIRA
AP National Writer
August 20, 2006

American students often get the impression from history classes that the British got here first, settling Jamestown, Va., in 1607. They hear about how white Northerners freed the black slaves, how Asians came in the mid-1800s to build Western railroads. The lessons have left out a lot.

Forty-two years before Jamestown, Spaniards and American Indians lived in St. Augustine, Fla. At least several thousand Latinos and nearly 200,000 black soldiers fought in the Civil War. And Asian-Americans had been living in California and Louisiana since the 1700s.

Now, more of these and other lesser-known facts about American minorities are getting more attention. The main reason is the nation's growing diversity.
More than one in four Americans is not white, and many minority groups are gaining strength - in numbers, political clout and resources - to bring their often-overlooked histories to light.

Minority communities "are yelling for inclusion in the national consciousness," said Gary Okihiro, a historian at Columbia University. "One needs to understand what's true about the past to be able to make sound judgments about our present."

There are hundreds of efforts - big and small - under way to tell the untold stories.

Although Hispanics are the nation's largest minority group - 14.5 percent of the population according to
Census Bureau figures released last week - there is no national museum dedicated to their history.

Democratic Rep. Xavier Becerra (news, bio, voting record) of California is pushing a bill to study building one on the National Mall in Washington. "When you walk the Mall in the capital of the United States, there is no better place to try to understand what Americans are and where we have been," Becerra said. "But it's still an incomplete picture."

The Mall has dozens of sites highlighting American culture and history, including the National Museum of the American Indian that opened in 2004, 20 years after it was authorized. Organizers in June settled on the future site of the National Museum of African American History and Culture, but its opening date is still years away. A Latino museum would be even further off.

Other federal agencies are shifting their work to incorporate more minorities' stories. Six years ago, National Park Service historians met to reevaluate how park sites tell the story of the Civil War, said Donald W. Murphy, deputy director of the parks. Old battlefield exhibits mainly discussed who fought and how many died. Now they include personal diaries, including those kept by slaves.

Once considered marginal to American history, those stories are "really important because oftentimes the margins really are the holders of American democracy," said Okihiro, an expert in Asian-American history. "They are those who have fought against their own racial profiling and fought for the freedoms that the majority seem to take for granted."

Asian-Americans are the only immigrants in U.S. history to have faced laws explicitly written to bar their entry - laws that were not overturned until immigration reform in the 1960s, said Dmae Roberts, whose eight-hour public radio program on Asian immigration, "Crossing East," airs on hundreds of stations.

"People know very little of this outside of California," she said.

Some tales have gone untold because, in the less-diverse America of the past, minorities didn't make the decisions on textbooks and other means of passing along history. And in many cases, minorities who had faced blatant discrimination wanted to discard evidence of past horrors.

But some who came of age during the civil rights movement are determined to pass the stories on. "It is so important that children of color are not made to feel that they're asking for anything - they're claiming what's rightfully theirs just like any other child," said Cynthia Morris Lowery, executive director of the African American Experience Fund. "I tell my grandchildren 'Grandpa has earned that spot for you.'"

Sometimes, history is recalled through criminal investigations.

Prosecutors in Jackson, Miss., last year exhumed the remains of Emmett Till, a black teenager killed in 1955 for allegedly whistling at a white woman. Medical examiners performed a new autopsy, and investigators are poring over thousands of documents.

Florida's attorney general ended an investigation last week into a 1951 house bombing that killed two civil rights activists. The probe found extensive circumstantial evidence pointing to four Ku Klux Klan members, all of whom are dead, Attorney General Charlie Crist said Wednesday.

Technology advances also have fueled new interest in history.

In Connecticut last month, archaeologists excavated the grave of an 18th century slave named Venture Smith in hopes that DNA evidence could verify tales of amazing physical strength and a childhood in Guinea, West Africa. No DNA traces were found, but the graves of his wife and children also will be examined.

Paul Beaty of Dallas turned to DNA testing when, after a decade of genealogical research, he could not trace his roots earlier than the 1830s due to incomplete slavery records. The tests linked him to the Ewondo tribe in Cameroon, West Africa, and when his son was born last month, he was named Evan Ewondo.

"We make the connections in America and make the connections in Africa and now we understand our lives," he said. "Now we can build bigger relationships. We are truly creating history."

The quest to get the stories told is hardly over.

Though there are more than 12 million Asian-Americans, Roberts said it's tough to persuade stations to air her program, which is being broadcast through next May.

"There are stations that haven't quite decided - they say 'We don't have any Asians here,'" Roberts said. "I tell them 'This isn't for Asians. This is for everyone else.'"



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Have You Seen the Rain?


Ethiopia flood misery deepens as rains threaten dams

by Abrahama Fisseha
AFP
Sun Aug 20, 2006

ADDIS ABABA - Ethiopia braced for more damage from deadly nationwide flash floods as the government warned that unusually heavy seasonal rains could force the release of water from dangerously swollen dams.

A task force set up to deal with flooding crises that have affected nearly 75,000 people said three dams in the west, south and north of the country were close to the breaking point and advised residents in their vicinities to leave.

It said that, although controlled, the release of water from the threatened dams on the Omo, Awash and Blue Nile rivers could compound devastation from floods that have already killed at least 626 people in the south, east and north.
"Currently, the main dams are planning to release some waters, and the national task force is advising people living near the dams and downstream to take precautionary measures and, if possible, move to higher ground," it said Sunday.

The facilities are the Gilgel Gibe dam on the Omo River, which has already flooded huge areas in the southwest; the Koka dam on the Awash River that has flooded in the east; and the Tise Aby dam on the Blue Nile in the north.

The release of water from these dams "may flood some areas," the task force said in a statement released by the information ministry.

In addition to the confirmed deaths, some 250 people are missing and 73,000 are affected, many of them left homeless by the raging waters that have killed thousands of valuable livestock and flooded huge tracts of farmland.

Officials said they had relocated at least 15,000 people to safer areas in view of the increasing threat of fresh flooding across the country, according to state television.

Some 13,000 people in the northern region and another 2,000 in the south had been relocated for fear of further flooding and landslides.

Overwhelmed authorities have appealed for international aid, and US soldiers began relief work on Saturday in the town of Dire Dawa, about 500 kilometers (300 miles) east of Addis Ababa, which was hit by floods on August 6.

The 35 Djibouti-based US naval engineers were setting up 52 large tents to house many of 6,000 people displaced by the waters, which killed 256, and erecting sanitation facilities amid growing fears of the spread of water-borne diseases.

"I am very impressed with what the Ethiopians and the others are doing to help the displaced. I am glad that we are part of this operation," Richard Hunt, head of the Djibouti-based Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa, told AFP by phone.

With poor weather continuing to hamper relief efforts, particularly in the southwest Omo River valley where 364 drowned last week and up to 8,000 remain marooned in 14 inundated villages, officials feared a rise in the death toll.

"The rain in the highlands has continued, and the river waters are showing no signs of decreasing," said Major Solomon Gebere Michael, commander of army relief operations in the Southern Nationalities, Nations and People's state.

"It is hurting the search and rescue mission," he told AFP by phone from Amorate, some 800 kilometers (500 miles) south of Addis Ababa.

Military helicopters dangling special forces troops from ropes and ladders continued to fly over affected areas, dropping food and water and attempting where possible to pluck survivors from roofs and tree tops, Solomon said.

At the same time, he said rescue teams in boats had begun to face difficulties due to powerful currents and obstacles in newly created vast marsh areas in the Omo basin.

Meteorologists have warned that six areas in the north, west and south of the country will likely face further flood threats from the downpours that are expected to continue until the end of the June-to-September rainy season.

Ethiopia has repeatedly suffered heavy floods and droughts in recent years, devastating agriculture that provides a livelihood for the majority of the 70 million people living in the Horn of Africa nation.



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Twenty-one feared dead as floods hit Indian desert state

AFP
Sun Aug 20, 2006

JODHPUR, India - At least 21 people were swept away and feared dead as monsoon rains triggered rare floods in the Indian desert state of Rajasthan.

A cross-border train that shuttles between India and Pakistan was also briefly stranded, a railways spokesman said in Jaipur, capital of the northern state.
Two soldiers who were part of a rescue effort were swept away in Jodhpur district but one was rescued, state Relief Minister Kirorimal Meena said and put the weather-related death toll at 21 since the floods hit Rajasthan Friday.

Four of those killed were children who drowned in the rising waters after clinging to a tree for hours on Saturday.

"In the last 33 years we have not seen such a situation in Rajasthan," Meena said Sunday as torrential rains lashed cut-off villages and towns more used to droughts.

Meena said districts such as Jodhpur, Jalore and Kota, which nestles in the desolate Thar desert, were severely hit by the floods and added the army was out in three other districts were tens of thousands of people were stranded.

Railways spokesman A.K. Khanna said the train was on its return trip from Khokhrapar in Pakistan's Sindh province when it was stranded in the floods but reached its destination at Munabao station in Rajasthan's Barmer district several hours behind schedule.

Earlier this month, more than 10 million people were affected by floods in four states while western Gujarat faced the brunt with its diamond-polishing hub of Surat remaining under water for five days.



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Ecuadoreans defy warning about volcano

By EDISON LOPEZ
Associated Press
Sat Aug 19, 2006

BILBAO, Ecuador - In normal times, Luis Egas would have risen before dawn to tend livestock or fields of potatoes and onions. But as the sun rose Saturday, all he could do was survey his village, laid waste by a volcanic eruption that spewed incandescent rock, showers of ash,and rivers of molten lava.

"We never thought Tungurahua would awake like this," Egas said of the volcano - whose name means "throat of fire" in the local Quichua language.

Authorities said Saturday that three people had died from the 19-hour eruption, which ended Thursday before dawn, and that two others were feared killed. Another 30 people who had been listed as missing had been located alive.
Egas and a few others remain in Bilbao, defying a standing government order to leave the "red zone," and warnings from experts that, though calm for now, the Tungurahua volcano could be poised to erupt again.

Jose Grijalva, director of Ecuador's Civil Defense, said 3,000 people were evacuated under an emergency order immediately before and during the eruption, but many of them have returned.

Bilbao is one five areas, mostly on the volcano's western slope, where people are forbidden, he said. Nearly all of its 500 inhabitants fled to makeshift shelters in churches and schools in villages farther from the volcano.

Egas remained with his parents.

"We feared a big eruption, but not of this magnitude," he said, looking at yard-deep drifts of volcanic ash that had caved in rooftops, and at the still-hot pyroclastic flows - superheated material that shoots down the sides of volcanos like a fiery avalanche at up to 190 mph.

About 80 percent of Bilbao's adobe brick homes were destroyed.

"We are afraid, but we cannot leave our belongings, what little we have," Egas said. A few yards away, volcanic steam rose off an ash-contaminated creek that had supplied the community's irrigation water.

The eruption affected about 30,000 people, many of them poor Quichua-speaking Indians, in three highland provinces, officials said.

Police Capt. Jorge Ubidia said Saturday in Cotalo that he believed everyone should leave the volcano's slopes.

"The problem is that people don't want to leave, and we don't know if we should take them out by force," he told The Associated Press, peering up at the volcano, shrouded in clouds. "We're very frightened."

Grijalva confirmed two fatalities, and said that 30 other people listed as missing had been located in the homes of relatives or in shelters. Seven people remained hospitalized Saturday for injuries and burns.

Meanwhile, Juan Salazar, village mayor of Penipe, said the body of a man had been recovered Saturday outside the village.

The 85-year-old had been washed away by a flood of water caused by volcanic ash damming up the Puela river, and he was found by his family.

Authorities were searching for two more people from the hamlet who were believed buried by debris.

The 16,575-foot volcano 85 miles south of the capital, Quito, remained in an apparent state of calm Saturday, said Patricia Mothes, a volcanologist with Ecuador's Geophysics Institute. But she warned that energy was building up inside.

"We have had 72 hours go by and after several days of accumulating energy, many times there is an abrupt change, but when that will be, nobody knows," she said in a telephone interview from an observation post near Tungurahua.

Ash from the eruption covers nearly 500,000 acres of pasture and fields of corn, potato and other crops, said Patricio Donoso, president of Ecuador's Chamber of Agriculture.

Some 350 cows, pigs and other livestock have died, he added, and thousands of other head of livestock are "suffering digestive and respiratory problems" from volcanic contamination of grass and water.

The eruption Thursday was the 14th time Tungurahua has sent hot lava and ash onto villages on its flanks since its first recorded eruption, in the Spanish colonial era in 1534. After remaining dormant for eight decades, Tungurahua rumbled back to life in 1999 and has been active ever since.



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Vietnam flood toll rises to 42

Reuters
Sun Aug 20, 2006

HANOI - Flooding, landslides and lightning have killed 15 people and left one missing since Friday night in Vietnam, bringing the country's toll in a week of torrential rain to 42, reports said on Sunday.

Thousands have been evacuated to higher ground as water levels in the northern region's main rivers were expected to continue rising with more rainfall forecast for the coming week, state media quoted a government report as saying.
Northern Vietnam is not the country's key area for rice production, but more rain was also expected in the southern Mekong Delta rice basket in coming days. However, most of the summer-autumn rice crop has already been harvested.

Natural disasters, especially floods and storms, kill several hundred people in Vietnam each year, mainly during the storm season between May and October.

This year's rains and floods caused no damage to the coffee crop in the Central Highlands where coffee trees are planted on higher ground.

Officials said four people were killed in a landslide in the northern province of Yen Bai on Saturday. Lightning killed two people in Nghe An province and two more on the outskirts of capital Hanoi while five were swept away in flash flooding.

Sunday's Tuoi Tre (Youth) newspaper said two people drowned as their boat capsized early on Saturday on a river in the southern province of Dong Nai.

Another man was swept away and reported missing in the northern province of Phu Tho after he tried to save his fish pond, the government report said.

As of Friday, at least 27 people were reported killed in northern and central regions of the Southeast Asian country.



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Floods close Alaska highway, rail line

By DAN JOLING
Associated Press
Sat Aug 19, 2006


WASILLA, Alaska - Flooding and mud slides brought on by heavy rain closed the main highway and rail line Saturday between Anchorage and Fairbanks, the state's two largest cities.

At least 150 people were evacuated from their homes, not counting campers and fishermen who use numerous roadside campgrounds, said Dennis Brodigan, Matanuska-Susitna Borough Emergency Services director.

A home and a cabin were destroyed in the flooding, while more than 100 houses were damaged, Brodigan said.
No injuries were reported, but a dive team was making evacuations and swift-water rescues, he said. One car with two men inside was swept down Montana Creek near Talkeetna, but the men managed to escape when the car brushed against the bank.

Rising water undermined two bridges on the Parks Highway, and the road could be closed for two days, officials said. Traffic between Anchorage and Fairbanks was diverted, adding about 75 miles to the 362-mile trip.

Twenty-five feet of a bridge that crosses Troublesome Creek about 225 miles south of Fairbanks were washed out, and the span had dropped by a foot, state officials said.

Nearly 7 inches of rain was recorded at Talkeetna, about 100 miles north of Anchorage, including 3.7 inches Friday, said Tom Dang of the National Weather Service.

Engineers were overseeing the passage over a bridge of about 500 tourists who had been staying at a remote hotel, the state Department of Transportation said. Messages left with DOT officials Saturday night seeking more information were not immediately returned.

Gov. Frank Murkowski was briefed on the damage Saturday during a visit to Wasilla, about 40 miles north of Anchorage. He had earlier issued a disaster declaration, allowing state funds to be used for recovery.

The Alaska Railroad suspended all freight and passenger traffic between Talkeetna and Denali National Park. The rail lines run roughly parallel to the Parks Highway.

A mudslide washed out 55 feet of track north of Talkeetna, railroad spokesman Tim Thompson said. Crews began repairs Saturday.

Steve Hicks of Willow, about 40 miles north of Anchorage, planned to spend Saturday night at a Red Cross shelter. "The Red Cross was Johnny on the Spot," he said.

More rain is in the forecast.



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2006 Tropical Storm Season Now Below Normal

Weatherstreet.com
21 August 2006

What a difference a year makes. After the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, the 2006 season is now below normal.

As of yesterday (20 August) three tropical storms will have formed in the Atlantic in an "average" year, which is the same number that have formed this year so far. Because of multi-year averaging, that means that today (August 21) slightly more than three storms would have formed, making this year (statistically speaking) just below normal.

In the hurricane category, this year is decidedly below normal, with no hurricanes so far, while by this date 1.5 hurricanes have formed in the average of years 1944 though 2005.
Reason for the Season?: Cooler Sea Surface Temperatures

Part of the reason for the slow season is that tropical western Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are running about normal, if not slightly below normal (see graphic below, which shows SST departures from normal).

In contrast, at the same time last year SSTs in the same region were running well above normal.

The cooler SSTs in the Atlantic are not an isolated anomaly. In a research paper being published next month in Geophysical Research Letters, scientists will show that between 2003 and 2005, globally averaged temperatures in the upper ocean cooled rather dramatically, effectively erasing 20% of the warming that occurred over the previous 48 years.

Global Warming?

The slow hurricane season and the cooling sea surface temperatures might be somewhat surprising to the public. Media reports over the last year have suggested that, since global warming will only get worse, and last year's hurricane activity was supposedly due to global warming, this season might well be as bad as last season. But it appears that Mother Nature might have other plans.

The Rest of the Hurricane Season

With only 3 named storms compared to 9 on this date last year, it is nearly impossible at this late date to have a season anywhere near as busy as last season, which totaled 27 by the end of the year. The most recent prediction from the National Weather Service (see first graphic, above) is for there to be 12 to 15 named storms by December -- only half of last year's total. It now looks like that prediction might be too generous.

While it is still possible for this hurricane season to end up above normal in activity and reach that forecast, each day that passes without so much as a tropical 'depression' makes that target less and less likely.



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Mother Nature Not Happy


Ozone-friendly chemicals lead to warming

By JOHN HEILPRIN
Associated Press
August 20, 2006

WASHINGTON - Cool your home, warm the planet. When more than two dozen countries undertook in 1989 to fix the ozone hole over Antarctica, they began replacing chloroflourocarbons in refrigerators, air conditioners and hair spray.

But they had little idea that using other gases that contain chlorine or fluorine instead also would contribute greatly to global warming.

CFCs destroy ozone, the atmospheric layer that helps protect against the sun's most harmful rays, and trap the earth's heat, contributing to a rise in average surface temperatures.

In theory, the ban should have helped both problems. But the countries that first signed the Montreal Protocol 17 years ago failed to recognize that CFC users would seek out the cheapest available alternative.

The chemicals that replaced CFCs are better for the ozone layer, but do little to help global warming. These chemicals, too, act as a reflective layer in the atmosphere that traps heat like a greenhouse.
That effect is at odds with the intent of a second treaty, drawn up in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997 by the same countries behind the Montreal pact. In fact, the volume of greenhouse gases created as a result of the Montreal agreement's phaseout of CFCs is two times to three times the amount of global-warming carbon dioxide the Kyoto agreement is supposed to eliminate.

This unintended consequence now haunts the nations that signed both U.N. treaties.

Switzerland first tried in 1990 to sound an alarm that the solution for plugging the ozone hole might contribute to another environmental problem. The reaction?

"Nothing, or almost," said Blaise Horisberger, the Swiss representative to U.N.-backed Montreal treaty. "We have been permanently raising this issue. It has been really difficult."

Horisberger, a biologist with the Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, kept trying. Finally, the first formal, secret talks on the subject were held in Montreal last month.

"Saving the ozone layer by reducing CFCs and at the same time promoting alternatives was an urgent crisis in the early years of the Montreal Protocol," said Marco Gonzalez, the treaty's executive secretary, in Nairobi, Kenya. "Now there is always a need to find new substances which are safe, energy-efficient and also have minimal impact across a range of environmental issues."

The Montreal Protocol, which now has 189 member nations, is considered one of the most effective environmental treaties. Almost $2.1 billion has been spent through an affiliated fund to prod countries to stop making and using CFCs and other ozone-damaging chemicals in refrigerators, air conditioners, foams and other products.

Scientists blame CFCs for poking a huge, seasonal hole in the stratospheric ozone layer about 7 miles to 14 miles over Antarctica. Last year, the ozone hole peaked at about 10 million square miles, or the size of North America. That was below the 2003 record size of about 11 million square miles. Scientists expect the hole will not heal until 2065.

CFCs also are thinning the ozone layer over the Arctic and, to a lesser extent, globally. As the protective layer thins, more ultraviolet radiation gets through, increasing people's risk of skin cancer and cataracts and threatening more plants and animals with extinction.

Some of the replacement chemicals whose use has grown because of the Montreal treaty - hydrochloroflourocarbons, or HCFCs, and their byproducts, hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs - decompose faster than CFCs because they contain hydrogen.

But, like CFCs, they are considered potent greenhouse gases that harm the climate - up to 10,000 times worse than carbon dioxide emissions.

The Kyoto treaty's goal is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, motor vehicles and other sources that burn fossil fuels by about 1 billion tons by 2012.

Use of HCFCs and HFCs is projected to add the equivalent of 2 billion to 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere by 2015, U.N. climate experts said in a recent report. The CFCs they replace also would have added that much.

"But now the question is, who's going to ensure that the replacements are not going to cause global warming?" said Alexander von Bismarck, campaigns director for the Environmental Investigation Agency, a nonprofit watchdog group in London and Washington. "It's shocking that so far nobody's taking responsibility."

"A massive opportunity to help stave off climate change is currently being cast aside," he said.

The U.N. report says the atmosphere could be spared the equivalent of 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions if countries used ammonia, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide or other ozone-friendly chemicals, rather than HCFCs and HFCs, in foams and refrigerants. Such alternatives are more common in Europe.

"This potential of not using greenhouse gases is not fully used," said Horisberger, the Swiss official. "It's because of many reasons - technical, big commercial interests."

Industry is split over how to replace CFCs and HCFCs.

One of the biggest producers of fluorine-based refrigerants, Honeywell International Inc., says it is discontinuing its use of "the older technology, environmentally unfriendly CFC and HCFC refrigerants," and replacing those chlorine-containing chemicals with HFCs in retrofits and in new equipment.

Industry representatives cite safety and energy efficiency problems with the use of ammonia and hydrocarbons, which mainly involves propane gas.

"If there's a leak in a residential line, it can ignite - you have a potential bomb," said Stephen Yurek, general counsel for the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute. It represents North American makers of equipment for homes, businesses and transportation.

Manufacturers also say they could not meet U.S. energy efficiency requirements that took effect this year if they used those chemicals. "The technology just isn't there," Yurek said.

A 2002 study prepared for an industry coalition that encourages use of HCFCs and HFCs says the safety measures and higher energy bills required by some alternatives would cost U.S. consumers hundreds of millions of dollars a year.

"We're saying efficiency is just as important as the refrigerant being used," Yurek said. "If it's going to increase the amount of energy used to operate a piece of equipment, you're actually worse off because you're going to be pumping more CO2 (carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere."

The Montreal Protocol has been powered by a global fund run by the United Nations and the World Bank. On average, more than $150 million is spent a year to help developing nations comply with the treaty by phasing out CFCs.

The fund pays the costs for companies to switch from CFCs to HCFCs, HFCs and other chemicals commonly used in air conditioners, semiconductors, foams, fire extinguishers, hair spray, and roof and wall insulation. The biggest beneficiaries are companies in seven countries: China, India, Venezuela, Argentina, Mexico, Romania and
North Korea.

Meanwhile, consumers in the U.S. and elsewhere continue to snap up products that would cost more if HCFCs and HFCs were already eliminated. Under the Montreal treaty, industrial countries have until 2030 and developing countries until 2040 to quit using HCFCs and HFCs.

"It is true that there will be a significant growth over the next 10 years of HCFC production and consumption in the developing countries," said Lambert Kuijpers, a Dutch nuclear physicist and a lead author of the U.N. report. "This will also contribute to global warming in a so far unprecedented way, if it will occur as anticipated."

That is a touchy subject for supporters of the Montreal agreement. Few want to acknowledge anything could be wrong with a treaty that is on track to fix at least one major environmental problem.

"You have to put it into historical perspective. Hydrocarbon technology wasn't ready. ... It was still being tested in the early 1990s. And only gradually that technology became mature and became accepted," said Sheng Hsuo Lang, the fund's deputy chief officer. "In hindsight, you can say, 'Why didn't you wait?' Or you can take action right away."

The United States signed the Montreal Protocol, but has not ratified the Kyoto Treaty.



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Earth's ozone layer recovery slower than hoped

www.chinaview.cn 2006-08-19 19:32:49

BEIJING, Aug. 19 (Xinhuanet) -- The recovery of the earth's ozone layer, which protects life from excessive solar radiation, would take five to 15 years longer than predicted, two United Nations agencies reported Friday.

By 2049, the protective layer will be back to pre-1980 levels over huge areas in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, the agencies said.
That's five years later than forecast in the last major scientific report, in 2002.

Scientists said Friday it would take until 2065, instead of 2050 as previously expected, for the ozone layer to recover and the hole over the Antarctic to close.

"The delayed recovery is a warning that we cannot take the ozone layer for granted and must maintain and accelerate our efforts to phase out harmful chemicals," said Achim Steiner, executive director of the UN Environment Program Friday.

The ozone hole, a thinner-than-normal area in the upper stratosphere's radiation-absorbing gases, has been blamed for increased risks of skin cancer and cataracts in humans.

The hole may also harm crop yields and sea life, according to researchers.

Experts said they extended the projected recovery because chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, would continue to leak into the atmosphere from air conditioners, aerosol spray cans and other equipment for years to come.

The new assessment is in a summary of a report by 250 scientists to be issued next year on the effects of the 1987 Montreal Protocol, which committed signatory nations to ban the use of ozone-depleting products.



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Planet hunter spurns proposed definition

By ALICIA CHANG
AP SCIENCE WRITER
Saturday, August 19, 2006 ·



PASADENA, Calif. -- Few planet hunters stand to gain as much as Michael Brown if our solar system balloons to 12 planets under a new definition. He's spotted more than a dozen objects that might qualify as planets.

So why is he upset?

"When I was a kid, planets were special," he said. "This definition takes the magic out of the solar system."
It was Brown's discovery of an icy rock bigger than Pluto that helped lead astronomers to rethink their definition of what a planet is. But Brown doesn't think his discovery - or even Pluto, which was spotted in 1930 - should qualify as true planets.

On his Web site, the California Institute of Technology astronomer muses about why Pluto has kept its title for so long: "I think that astronomers are as sentimental as the rest of the world and couldn't stomach removing Pluto. Probably they also couldn't stomach the criticism that would follow."

Last week, a high-ranking panel from the International Astronomical Union proposed that the solar system be expanded to 12 planets from the current nine, the first attempt at creating a scientific definition for planets.

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Under the proposed definition, an object is a planet if it is at least 500 miles in diameter, orbits the sun, and has a mass at least about one-12,000th that of Earth.

Pluto would keep its planethood while three other bodies would be added, including Pluto's moon Charon, the asteroid Ceres and Brown's object 2003 UB313, which he nicknamed Xena.

Brown said the proposal - that a planet is basically anything round orbiting the sun - is too broad and amounts to "No Ice Ball Left Behind," cheapening the solar system.

He worries that by the time his daughter, Lilah, now 13 months, is old enough to memorize the planets, there could be hundreds.

In scientific circles, Brown is a star known for his outspokenness. But vocal as he is, he is not a member of the professional astronomers' group and will be shut out of Thursday's vote on the proposal.

"I feel like an outsider. It's an odd situation," said the 41-year-old, who was named one of Time Magazine's 100 Influential People of 2006.

Still, he is the one whose discovery helped initiate the process.

"Mike deserves a lot of credit for bringing this question to the forefront," said Alan Boss, an astrophysicist at the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C.

"We don't agree on how planets should be defined, but I certainly respect him very much," said Gibor Basri, a University of California, Berkeley astronomer who has known Brown since he was a graduate student. Basri belongs to the camp that believes Pluto is a true planet.

Brown grew up in Huntsville, Ala., nicknamed "Rocket City" because it is the home of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. As a kid, he would hear rocket test firings and knew early on that he wanted to be an astronomer.

He would nag his grandparents to take him to the U.S. Space & Rocket Center and even asked his mother for a subscription to Astronomy magazine for Christmas. As a teenager, Brown was glued to the Voyager missions to Jupiter and Saturn, but never imagined a career as a planet hunter.

"I loved the planets, but I never thought I wanted to go find a new one," he said. "For a long time, everyone thought Pluto was it. There's nothing further out there."

His perception changed while he was a Ph.D. student at Berkeley, where his colleagues made the first discoveries of icy objects besides Pluto in the Kuiper Belt, the region beyond Neptune containing thousands of comets and objects called planetary bodies.

Brown figured there must be something larger than Pluto in the frozen fringes of the solar system. He joined Caltech's faculty in 1997 and quickly gained a reputation as the man who had a knack for spotting objects with a telescope.

Brown spotted Xena last year after re-examining images taken in 2003. He noticed something strange - Xena was too big and too bright. He calculated its size from its brightness and had a eureka moment: Xena was larger than Pluto.

The first thing Brown did, he recalls, was phone his wife, who replied: "That's nice, honey. Can you pick up some milk on your way home?"

By Brown's own count, 14 of his discoveries besides Xena are in the running for planethood. That could make Brown the most prolific planet hunter.

But he supports an eight-planet solar system, although he wouldn't mind if Xena was added as the 10th planet.

"When people finally realize the number of planets is going to be much bigger, they'll shake their heads and say 'Astronomers are crazy.'" Brown said.



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Fireball sparks plane crash alert

Monday, 21 August 2006, 11:25 GMT 12:25 UK

A meteor shower sparked fears a large aircraft was crashing into the sea off the Hebrides.
The Maritime and Coastguard Agency in Stornoway received dozens of calls on Friday night about a fireball falling from the sky.

Lifeboat crews in the Western Isles were alerted as emergency services prepared for a large scale disaster.

However, the cause of the fireball was linked to meteor shower Kappa Cygnid which peaked at the weekend.

A coastguard spokesman said: "We received numerous 999 calls with around 40 alone on Friday night.

"People were reporting seeing something like a plane going down with a tail of smoke behind it.

"It would have been a shooting star from meteor activity."

Five meteors

The spokesman added: "We discussed the situation with RAF Kinloss and other sources and concluded it was meteor activity.

"We got calls from all over such as Stoer on Skye and from Barra to Barvas."

Kappa Cygnid is active between 15-22 August.

Five meteors can be seen in an hour but it can also result in bright yellow-blue fireballs, according to the British Astronomical Association's website.



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Rare Natural Events Photographed on Oregon Coast

Oregon Coast

It happened at two geographically divergent points on the Oregon coast - and it happened in two different realms of the scientific world.

A woman in Seaside captured a photograph of the glowing sands phenomenon, and a man in Newport snapped a picture of the "green flash" at sunset - both events rare in this region. Both have given Oregon's coastal tourism industry much to talk about for a time, with events so singular and odd they verge on the paranormal.

In early August, Tiffany Boothe, with the Seaside Aquarium, embarked on a minor journey of discovery on the beaches of Gearhart after dusk to try and spot the "glowing sands" event and take photos of it.
To the naked eye, this phenomenon looks like faint, greenish, blue sparks underneath your feet in the wet sand.

What her camera caught was a couple of blue dots. While that may seem ridiculously uninteresting to those first viewing the photo, it is indeed an accomplishment when you realize the creatures that cause this are microscopic, they flash their bioluminescence for less than a second and when you take in the other factors that make this photographically nearly impossible to capture.

The creatures are a form of phytoplankton called dinoflagellates - part of the family of microscopic plants that form the bottom of the food chain for marine life. This particular brand is bioluminescent, meaning they give off a glow when disturbed or bumped through internal chemistry processes, much in the same way a firefly does.

They tend to hit Oregon's beaches in warmer periods when nutrients can be more abundant and more sunlight can help "charge them up."

The luminescence of a single dinoflagellate lasts for 0.1 seconds, which is why photographing the phenomenon is so next to impossible. Larger organisms, such as jellyfish, can be luminescent for tens of seconds.

When Boothe tried photographing this, most shots came out with nothing or nearly nothing. She and two friends grabbed jars and poured wet sand that had the dinoflagellates into jars. They then tried shaking the jars. But the flashes happen too fast for a long exposure to catch - and a long exposure is what it would take to catch such a faint glow.

Still, she managed to capture these two blue dots. The area seen in the photo above is less than an inch in circumference. The photo was shot as the group was pouring the sand into the jar, not when they shook the jar. Boothe said the dinoflagellates sparked much more during the pouring process.

"Bioluminescence is the light produced by a chemical reaction that occurs in an organism," said Boothe. "It occurs at all depths in the ocean, but is most commonly observed at the surface. Bioluminescence is the only source of light in the deep ocean where sunlight does not penetrate."

Boothe said bioluminescence in sea creatures is blue for two reasons. One, blue/green light travels the farthest in water. "Its wavelength is between 440 to 479 nm, which is mid-range in the spectrum of colors," Boothe said. "And the second reason is that most organisms are sensitive to only blue light. They do not have the ability to absorb the longer or shorter wavelengths of other lights such as red."

To see the glowing sands, you must have a very dark beach with little or no light interference from lamps on land or the moon. They can appear in bays, like Nehalem Bay or Yaquina Bay. When you run your hand through the water it will manifest an eerie bluish glow.

In Newport, restaurant owner Bob Trusty loves to photograph the lush sunsets of Nye Beach, especially from the perch above the Nye Beach Turnaround where his Village Market & Deli sits.

One day - July 10 to be exact - he happened to catch a form of the much-revered "green flash" at sunset, a rare occurrence where a green blob appears at the upper edge of the sun just before it dips below the horizon. In Trusty's case, he caught a version of this oddity called the "green ray," where shafts of blue or green light come streaming out from the sun just before it goes away.
Interesting architecture in Nye Beach is conducive to intriguing photos at sunset

Trusty was filled with glee over the event. "That was one of the coolest things," he said. "I couldn't really believe I'd gotten it at first. It's really rare to be able to catch things like that. I was really, really lucky."

The phenomenon usually appears as a tiny tip of the sun appearing green just a few seconds before it's gone. The shape is sort of oblong, while flattened at the bottom. There are other types of green flashes that appear in other shapes, slightly longer periods or other colors such as red, violet or blue.

Trusty caught one of the more rare types, called the green ray, where shafts of darkly colored sunlight spring out from clouds or coastal fog. This is even more significant because the green ray is rarer than the other forms, and even rarer still are instances where this occurs while banks of clouds are in the way. Normally, forms of the green flashes only happen with clear and unobstructed views of the sunset.

According to one website created by Andrew Young of San Diego University, if you know what to look for, these phenomenon are not that rare at all, but it can be seen in "most sunsets," as Young put it.

This effect is the result of refraction in the atmosphere. In very simplified terms, longer bandwidths of light get knocked out by atmospheric conditions until you're left with just green - or whatever color is the result of this situation. Basically, the path between your eye and this portion of the sun are filled with just the right conditions to cut out these colors of the sunset.

This happens almost as often with sunrises as well. Mostly what is needed is a clear, long path between you and the sunset for this mirage to appear, such as a desert or body of water like the ocean.

In the meantime, Trusty and his Village Market & Deli have been getting some notoriety for the photographic catch. He'll soon be on the Oregon Coast Show.



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Israeli Crimes in Palestine


Olmert Rules Out Peace Talks With Syria

Monday August 21, 2006 11:46 AM
By BENJAMIN HARVEY
Associated Press Writer

KIRYAT SHEMONA, Israel (AP) - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert on Monday ruled out a resumption of negotiations with Syria at this time, saying Damascus must first end its support for militant groups.

Olmert spoke just hours after a minister in his Cabinet urged a resumption of negotiations and said Israel should give back the Golan Heights in exchange for peace with Syria.
Israel accuses Syria and Iran of arming and supporting Lebanese Hezbollah guerrillas who fired nearly 4,000 rockets at Israel in the 34-day war that ended last week. However, during the war, Israel went to great lengths to keep Syria out of the conflict, apparently to avoid opening another front or closing future peace options.

After the war, Syrian President Bashar Assad signaled he is moving closer to Iran. He delivered a hardline speech in praise of Hezbollah and warned that future Arab generations might succeed with force where peace talks have failed so far - a reference to the Golan Heights, the plateau Israel captured in the 1967 Mideast War.

Inspecting rocket damage in northern Israel on Monday, Olmert said Syria is not a partner for peace at the moment.

"When Syria stops support for terror, when it stops giving missiles to terror organizations, then we will be happy to negotiate with them,'' Olmert said.

"We are not going into any adventure when terror is on their side,'' Olmert said. "We're not going into any negotiations until basic steps are taken which can be the basis for any negotiations.''

The three main U.S. allies in the Arab world - Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia - have been pushing for a revival of negotiations because they're worried the Lebanon war has given a boost to Iran. A top Arab League official has said the Arab countries are putting together a peace plan to present to the U.N. Security Council next month.

It's not clear whether the United States would support a wider peace effort following the Lebanon war.

Israeli leaders appear divided over whether Syria could somehow be lured into the moderate Arab camp with the promise of peace talks and getting back the Golan. Last week, Defense Minister Amir Peretz became the first senior Israeli official to propose renewing contacts with Syria.

On Monday, Public Security Minister Avi Dichter also said Israel should resume the negotiations that broke down in 2000. Asked by Israel Army Radio whether Israel should surrender the territory in exchange for a peace deal, Dichter referred to treaties with Egypt and Jordan in which Israel handed over all war-won land.

"What we did with Egypt and Jordan is also legitimate in this case,'' Dichter said. Asked whether that meant Israel should withdraw to its international border with Syria, he said: "Yes.''

However, Olmert told his Cabinet in a closed-door meeting Sunday that Israel is in no hurry to resume peace talks. Vice Premier Shimon Peres said Monday that Israel had other things on its mind right now.

"I think that at the moment, we can't take on too much,'' Peres told Israel Radio. "We have the burden of Lebanon and we have the negotiations with the Palestinians. I don't think a country like ours can deal with so many issues at a time.''

Peres said he believes it's unlikely Assad is even contemplating a return to negotiations.

"The Syrians, if they are serious (about peace talks), should come and say 'We are interested in holding negotiations,''' Peres said. "I don't see Assad doing this.''



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Israel arrests senior Hamas politician

Sunday 20 August 2006, 19:46 Makka Time, 16:46 GMT

Israeli forces have arrested another senior member of the Hamas-led Palestinian government in the West Bank.

Troops surrounded the home of Mahmoud al-Rahami - secretary-general of the Palestinian Legislative Council - and detained him in broad daylight, his sister Yageen said.


An army spokeswoman confirmed that Israeli soldiers and officers from the Shin Bet internal security service had seized the member of parliament in Ram Allah.

Almost all of Hamas's leaders in the West Bank are now in Israeli custody.

The crackdown on the group's officials began after the capture of an Israeli soldier by gunmen in the Gaza Strip on June 25. The military wing of Hamas is one of three groups believed to be behind the operation.

Al-Ramahi, a trained doctor, is the fourth highest ranking member of the parliament and is responsible for many administrative and procedural matters.

Dozens of officials seized

Early on Saturday, troops arrested Nasser Shaer, the deputy prime minister, at a home where he had been hiding in Ram Allah. He was the most senior Hamas official to be detained yet.

Five cabinet ministers and more than two dozen MPs are being held by Israel. Four other members of the cabinet have been released.

Mushir Masri, a Hamas MP in Gaza, called the arrest "cheap Israeli extortion that runs against all international laws".

He told The Associated Press news agency: "We hold Israel responsible for all the serious consequences if it insists on kidnapping lawmakers and ministers".



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Israeli justice minister resigns in sex scandal

Last Updated Sun, 20 Aug 2006 19:43:39 EDT
CBC News

Israel's justice minister handed in his resignation Sunday, two days after he said he would step down to face accusations that he forcibly kissed an 18-year-old female soldier.

Israeli media reported Sunday that Haim Ramon, 56, allegedly forcibly kissed the soldier during a farewell party at a government office. The incident allegedly took place July 12, the day the fighting in southern Lebanon erupted.
Ramon said on Friday he intended to resign after Israel's attorney general announced plans to indict him on an indecent assault charge.

The departure of Ramon was the latest setback for Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, who has been under intense criticism over his government's handling of the war in Lebanon.

Ramon has been a key Olmert ally and one of the biggest and most influential supporters of a plan to unilaterally withdraw from much of the West Bank by 2010.

It is also the latest scandal to hit the Olmert government.

Jerusalem property deal

Israel's state comptroller has confirmed it is looking into a Jerusalem property deal in which Olmert allegedly bought an apartment in 2004 for $1.2 million US.

The comptroller's office told Reuters it is still investigating the case. The prime minister's office has reserved comment, pending an official approach on the matter by the comptroller.

"The significance is clear: Politically, Olmert is a dead man walking," political commentator Ari Shavit wrote last week in the left-leaning Haaretz newspaper.

But Reuters quoted other political analysts who said it was unlikely any of Olmert's coalition partners were interested in bringing down the government after only three months in power. Israel's next scheduled election is four years away.

Other scandals facing the Olmert government:

* President Moshe Katsav has been accused by a former employee of being coerced to have sex with him. Katsav has denied the woman's allegations, which Reuters said police are investigating.
* Tzahi Hanegbi of Kadima, the chairman of parliament's influential defence and foreign affairs committee, was informed earlier this week he would be charged with fraud, bribery and perjury.
* And Lt.-Gen. Dan Halutz, chief of staff of Israel's armed forces, has acknowledged selling off his stock portfolio just hours after Hezbollah gunmen kidnapped two Israeli soldiers July 12, triggering the five-week Lebanon war. While regulatory authorities have said he did nothing illegal, Reuters said many Israelis are questioning why cutting his own financial losses was on Halutz's mind at such a time.



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British night-vision equipment found in Hezbollah bunkers: report

www.chinaview.cn 2006-08-21 18:00:27

LONDON, Aug. 21 (Xinhua) -- Military night-vision equipment that were apparently made in Britain were found by Israeli troops in Hezbollah command bunkers in southern Lebanon, a British newspaper reported on Monday.

The Israeli government made representations to Britain after it was revealed that Britain had sold 250 night-vision systems to Iran in 2003 for use against drug smugglers, The Times said.
Each equipment was stamped "made in Britain," the report said.

However, British Foreign Office officials said early indications seemed to suggest that the night-vision equipment found by the Israelis was not part of the batch sold in 2003 to Iran. However, thorough checks were being made to compare serial numbers on the equipment found in the Hezbollah bunkers with those on the ones exported legitimately to Iran.

Night-vision equipment of military specification required an export license, and the investigation will look into whether any British company might have breached export regulations, the report cited an unnamed official from Department of Trade and Industry assaying.

According to the newspaper, the 250 night-vision systems were given a special export license in 2003 because they were intended to be used by Iran to combat heroin and opium smuggling across the Iran-Afghanistan border.

Although there is what amounts to an arms embargo against Iran, aimed principally at stopping the export of equipment that could benefit Tehran's suspected nuclear weapons program, the request for night-vision equipment was approved in recognition of the counter-narcotics work.



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Lebanon warns Palestinians over inciting Israel

21/08/2006 - 7:35:29 AM

Lebanon's defence minister has said he is certain Hezbollah would not break the cease-fire but warned rogue Palestinian groups of harsh measures and a traitor's fate if they incited Israeli retaliation by launching rockets into the Jewish state.

Also, Prime Minister Fuad Saniora, a Sunni Muslim, toured the devastated Hezbollah stronghold in Shiite south Beirut yesterday and decried the destruction wrought by Israeli bombs as "crimes against humanity".
Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri, a Shiite and Hezbollah backer, stood at the prime minister's side and said they spoke with one voice.

In Jerusalem, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said he would name a panel to investigate government and military conduct of the conflict, in the face of criticism that authorities prosecuted a messy war with an unclear outcome and waffled over key decisions.

A day after Israel conducted a pre-dawn commando raid deep into the Bekaa Valley, prompting UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan to declare the Israelis in violation of the Security Council cease-fire resolution, there were no reports of fresh incidents and the truce held into a seventh day.

Residents in the mountains east of Beirut, however, reported continued Israeli overflights. And the Lebanese army issued a statement accusing Israel of not abiding by the cease-fire because of the airspace violations, which were a prelude the Bekaa Valley commando raid.

Defence Minister Elias Murr's strong warning to rogue rocket teams indicated concern that Syrian-backed Palestinian militants might try to restart the fighting by drawing retaliation from Israel. He insisted Hezbollah would hold its fire.

"We consider that when the resistance (Hezbollah) is committed not to fire rockets, then any rocket that is fired from the Lebanese territory would be considered collaboration with Israel to provide a pretext (for Israel) to strike," he said.

On Saturday, Murr had threatened to stop the deployment of the army in south Lebanon, a key demand of the UN cease-fire resolution, after the Israeli helicopter-borne commando raid near the town of Boudai in the foothills of the Mount Lebanon range on the west side of the Bekaa Valley, a Hezbollah stronghold.

Israel said it launched the raid to interdict Iranian weapons shipments for Hezbollah as they crossed into the country from Syria. One Israeli officer was killed and two soldiers were wounded, one seriously.

Townspeople in Boudai said the Israel raid began at 3am and that 300 residents grabbed their guns and fought at the side of 15 Hezbollah guerrillas for 90 minutes before the commandos retreated and were flown back to Israel. Residents said there were no casualties on the Lebanese side.

Lebanon has started deploying 15,000 soldiers to the south, putting a government force in the region for the first time in four decades, as part of the cease-fire requirements.

They are to be joined by an equal force of international peacekeepers, but wrangling among countries expected to send troops has so far delayed assembly of the force. The flare-up underlined concern about the fragility of the cease-fire and the UN pleaded for nations to send troops.

Further complicating efforts to form an international force, Olmert yesterday said Israel would not accept the participation of peacekeepers from countries that don't have diplomatic relations with the Jewish state.

Indonesia, Malaysia and Bangladesh - Muslim countries that do not have diplomatic ties with Israel - are among the only countries to have offered front-line troops for the expanded force, which is to police the border.

Murr, meanwhile, did not return to his threat to halt the Lebanese deployment when he spoke yesterday, apparently satisfied by Annan's declaration that Israel had violated the cease-fire and warned against future such actions.



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Money Makes The World Go....?


Consumers still extracting wealth from homes

By Patrick Rucker
Reuters
Thu Aug 17, 2006

WASHINGTON - Many U.S. homeowners continue to take cash out of their homes even as mortgage rates climb and home sales slip, helping to brace the economy, economists said.

This year, Americans who refinance their mortgages are expected to draw $257 billion of wealth out of their homes, according to mortgage finance giant Freddie Mac.

That's $13 billion more than the refinancing cash-out seen in 2005 - the hottest year of the recent housing boom.

"I would have thought the home equity extractions would have been much weaker now," said Frank Nothaft, chief economist for the mortgage finance giant.
Consumers' spending of cash extracted from rapidly rising home values has helped fuel the U.S. economy's expansion over the past few years. But the housing sector is cooling, and most analysts expect that support to consumption to falter.

With existing home sales off 7 percent in the second quarter and mortgage rates climbing, some economists see the ongoing refinancing spree as the once-hot housing sector's last gift to the nation's economy.

"That (money) is going right back into the economy in one fashion or another," Nothaft said. "Either it shows up through (home) alterations or shows up in consumption spending."

It is hard to tell exactly where refinancing cash is going, said Nicolas Retsinas, director of Harvard University's Joint Center for Housing Studies, and so gauging the impact of refinance spending "is pretty murky."

Still, he said, "all economist would agree that refinancing home equity loans has boosted spending."

Nothaft said many homeowners are refinancing now before their adjustable rate mortgage resets to a higher level. Those same people are likely to have seen the value of their homes jump in recent years.

Homeowners who are inclined to refinance and have stored-up equity make up a big share of the mortgage cash-outs, he said.

"Homeowners have amassed a huge amount of home equity wealth so that makes it incredibly easy to refinance," he said. "And, hey, if you want another $10 or $20 thousand for other purposes, it is very easy to do."

Still, Nothaft said, the refinancing cash-out spree is probably nearing an end. Freddie Mac expects homeowners to extract $152 billion out of their homes in 2007 and $108 billion in 2008.

Those numbers are still much higher than a decade ago. In 1996, refinancing cash-outs were $17 billion.

Part if the increase is due to a changing view of home mortgages, said Retsinas.

"One of the big changes is that people look at their home as a financial asset," he said. "In another generation, the notion was 'Burn the mortgage.' That phrase is not in fashion anymore."

That new attitude has some benefits for the economy, he said, and cash-outs "are keeping a floor on consumer spending."

Doug Duncan, chief economist of the Mortgage Bankers Association, credits the mortgage industry for making refinancing easier and cheaper in recent years.

Give homeowners with untapped reserves of wealth a simple process to refinance and they will naturally be tempted to cash-out, he said.

"Those two things together are benefiting the economy to some degree," he said.

He also credited the variety of mortgage products that let homeowners delay mortgage payment shock - and so have more money to spend in other sectors of the economy.

Many homeowners who have a teaser interest rate due to expire, for instance, might now refinance with a fixed rate mortgage before interest rates get any higher.

Such a move, Duncan said, "cushions the economy from the full impact of rising interest rates."



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Japan ends U.S. long-grain rice imports

AP
Sat Aug 19, 2006

TOKYO - Japan has suspended imports of U.S. long-grain rice following a positive test for trace amounts of a genetically modified strain not approved for human consumption, a news report said Sunday.

Japan's Health Ministry imposed the suspension on Saturday after being informed by U.S. federal officials that trace amounts of the unapproved strain had been discovered in commercially available long-grain rice, the Asahi newspaper said.

The genetically engineered rice was detected by Bayer CropScience AG. The German company then notified U.S. officials. The strain is not approved for sale in the United States, but two other strains of rice with the same genetically engineered protein are.

Health Ministry officials were unavailable for comment Sunday.




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The Rise of Shrinking-Vacation Syndrome

By TIMOTHY EGAN
The New York Times
August 20, 2006

SEATTLE - In August, when much of the world is hard at work trying to do nothing, Jeff Hopkins and his wife, Denise, usually take a week to chase fish in Olympic National Park - a ferry ride and two tanks of gas from here with a boat in tow. But this year, their summer vacation is dead, a victim of $3-a-gallon gas and job uncertainty.

"This is our vacation," said Mr. Hopkins, loading up his drift boat for an evening of fishing in the city just after getting off work at the Boeing plant, where he has been employed for 15 years.

Even before toothpaste could clog an airport security line and a full tank of gas was considered an indulgence, Americans had begun to sour on the traditional summer vacation. But this summer, a number of surveys show that American workers, who already take fewer vacations than people in nearly all industrial nations, have pruned back their leisure days even more.
The Conference Board, a private research group, found that at the start of the summer, 40 percent of consumers had no plans to take a vacation over the next six months - the lowest percentage recorded by the group in 28 years. A survey by the Gallup Organization in May based on telephone interviews with a national sample of 1,003 adults found that 43 percent of respondents had no summer vacation plans.

About 25 percent of American workers in the private sector do not get any paid vacation time, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports. Another 33 percent will take only a seven-day vacation, including a weekend.

"The idea of somebody going away for two weeks is really becoming a thing of the past," said Mike Pina, a spokesman for AAA, which has nearly 50 million members in North America. "It's kind of sad, really, that people can't seem to leave their jobs anymore."

Shrinking-vacation syndrome has gotten so bad that at least one major American company, the accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers, has taken to shutting down its entire national operation twice a year to ensure that people stop working - for about 10 days over Christmas, and 5 days or so around the Fourth of July.

"We aren't doing this to push people out the door," said Barbara Kraft, a partner at the firm in the human resources office. "But we wanted to create an environment where people could walk away and not worry about missing a meeting, a conference call or 300 e-mails."

The company tracks vacation time so that when employees fall behind, they are reminded through an electronic nag that they should be getting out of the office more. And posters evoking lazy days away from work were put up in the New York offices. Hint. Hint.

The heightened pace of American life, aided by ever-chattering electronic pocket companions, gets much of the blame for the inability of many people to take extended periods of forced sloth.

"I thought I would take at least five days off and go somewhere, but I couldn't find the time," said Tina Yang, who teaches first grade at Fruit Ridge Elementary School in Sacramento. She has the summers off, but her days are filled with catch-up work, conferences and projects, she said.

"I realize I just go to work and then home, work and then home - it's no way to live," Ms. Yang said.

The Travel Industry Association, the largest trade group representing the industry, found that the average American expects his or her longest summer trip to last only six nights. And it takes three days just to begin to unwind, experts say.

Company leaders at PricewaterhouseCoopers said they started their nationwide shutdown because people were not getting their batteries recharged. Now that the entire work force of about 29,000 takes a vacation, company officials say they are seeing positive results.

"It has taught our people what it is like to have unencumbered time," Ms. Kraft said.



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I.R.S. Enlists Help in Collecting Delinquent Taxes

By DAVID CAY JOHNSTON
The New York Times
August 20, 2006

If you owe back taxes to the federal government, the next call asking you to pay may come not from an Internal Revenue Service officer, but from a private debt collector.

Within two weeks, the I.R.S. will turn over data on 12,500 taxpayers - each of whom owes $25,000 or less in back taxes - to three collection agencies. Larger debtors will continue to be pursued by I.R.S. officers.

The move, an initiative of the Bush administration, represents the first step in a broader plan to outsource the collection of smaller tax debts to private companies over time. Although I.R.S. officials acknowledge that this will be much more expensive than doing it internally, they say that Congress has forced their hand by refusing to let them hire more revenue officers, who could pull in a lot of easy-to-collect money.

The private debt collection program is expected to bring in $1.4 billion over 10 years, with the collection agencies keeping about $330 million of that, or 22 to 24 cents on the dollar.
By hiring more revenue officers, the I.R.S. could collect more than $9 billion each year and spend only $296 million - or about three cents on the dollar - to do so, Charles O. Rossotti, the computer systems entrepreneur who was commissioner from 1997 to 2002, told Congress four years ago.

I.R.S. officials on Friday characterized those figures as correct, but said that the plan Mr. Rossotti had proposed had been forestalled by Congress, which declined to authorize it to hire more revenue officers.

Critics of the privatization plan point not only to the higher cost but also to what they say is a greater potential for abuse. With private companies in the mix, they say, debtors could more easily be tricked into paying money to scam artists using spoof Web sites or other schemes, a problem the I.R.S. alerted taxpayers to in April. Brady R. Bennett, collections director for the I.R.S., said that by 2008, about 350,000 past-due tax records will be distributed among about 10 private debt-collection agencies. To guard against fraud, he said, the agencies will contact taxpayers only by telephone or mail - not the Internet - and will instruct them to send all payments directly to the United States Treasury, not the private collection agency.

One of the three companies selected by the I.R.S. is a law firm in Austin, Tex., where a former partner, Juan Peña, admitted in 2002 that he paid bribes to win a collection contract from the city of San Antonio. He went to jail for the crime.

Last month the same law firm, Linebarger Goggan Blair & Sampson, was again in the news. One of its competitors, Municipal Services Bureau, also of Austin, sued Brownsville, Tex., charging that the city improperly gave the Linebarger firm a collections contract that it suggested was influenced by campaign contributions to two city commissioners.

Joe Householder, a spokesman for Linebarger, which specializes in delinquent tax collections, said it had resolved the issues raised by the Peña case in 2002 and that it believed it had acted properly in Brownsville. The mayor of Brownsville, Eddie Treviño Jr., said that the contract vote had been unanimous and scoffed at the accusations of misconduct.

The two other companies that have won debt collection contracts from the I.R.S. are Pioneer Credit Recovery of Arcade, N.Y., a division of the SLM Corporation, and the CBE Group of Waterloo, Iowa.

The main objection so far to the privatization program is that it is more expensive than internal collection. "I freely admit it," Mark W. Everson, the tax commissioner, told a House of Representatives committee in March.

Privatizing government services is often promoted as a way to cut costs. But the government would probably net $1.1 billion from private debt collectors over 10 years, compared with the $87 billion that could be reaped if the agency hired more revenue officers, as Mr. Rossotti had recommended.

Taxpayer rights are at risk with privatization, Nina B. Olson, the I.R.S. taxpayer advocate, warned Congress earlier this year. "Because private collectors will operate under rules of profit maximization rather than the I.R.S.'s customer-service based policy," she warned, the private collectors may have less incentive to safeguard taxpayer rights.

Al Cleland, a retired I.R.S. tax collector in Minnesota, predicted that using private collectors would cause some debtors to owe more.

"We always told people to get current on their taxes first, so they would not have more penalties added, and then work on paying off their back taxes," Mr. Cleland said. "A private collection agency has no incentive to tell taxpayers that, so people will pay more penalties."

Mr. Bennett of the I.R.S. said that such advice was correct, but that it applied primarily to small business owners, whose cases will not be sent to the private agencies.

Under federal budget rules, money spent to hire tax collectors is treated as a discretionary expense, and Congress is cutting discretionary spending. In business terms, the rules treat the I.R.S. as a cost center, not as the government's profit center.

The private debt-collection program, however, is outside the budget rules because, except for the start-up costs, the collectors are to be paid from the proceeds.



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Euro climbs against U.S. dollar on rate outlook

By Steve Goldstein, MarketWatch
Last Update: 5:33 AM ET Aug 21, 2006

LONDON (MarketWatch) -- The euro gained on Monday against the U.S. dollar on expectations of more rate hikes from Europe than across the Atlantic for the rest of the year.

The euro rose to $1.2897 from $1.2825 late Friday. The dollar eased to 115.57 yen from 115.77 yen.
"Medium-term risk (for the euro) remains to the upside given the likelihood of more European Central Bank rate rises, but this is unlikely to proceed in the short-term," wrote Ian Gunner, a currency analyst at Mellon Financial, in a note to clients.

The ECB is expected to raise rates as many as two more times by the end of the year, while there are growing expectations the Federal Reserve may continue to keep rates at 5.25% following tame inflation data.

The Frankfurt-based central bank has lifted interest rates four times in quarter-point increments in the last nine months, most recently earlier this month, when it raised its key rate to 3%. The ECB will make another decision on interest rates on Aug. 31, but it's not expected to lift its key rate at that meeting.

Data from Europe's largest economy, Germany, this week may influence European rate sentiment.

On Tuesday, the ZEW Institute releases its poll on investment and analyst sentiment toward Germany. On Thursday, the Ifo Institute unveils its poll on business sentiment toward Germany.

Both polls are expected to register declines in sentiment in August compared to July.

It's a quiet week ahead for U.S. economic data, with orders for durable goods and home sales the only major releases. See economic calendar.

The yen, meanwhile, held onto Friday's gains following China's move to lift interest rates. The yen frequently trades as a proxy to the yuan, since the latter currency is only allowed by Chinese authorities to trade in a narrow band.



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Earthly Aids? Heavenly Chocolate? In Your Dreams...


China touts initial success with first AIDS vaccine

AFP
Sat Aug 19, 2006

BEIJING - China said initial test results of its first
AIDS vaccine showed it could protect people against the
HIV virus.

None of the participants in the clinical trial's first phase showed severe adverse reactions after 180 days and some showed immunity to the HIV-1 virus 15 days after receiving the vaccine, the State Food and Drug Administration said.

"Initially, this indicates the vaccine is effective in stimulating the body's immunity," the administration said in a statement on its website.
Researchers were still analysing the outcome of the initial trial before deciding whether further tests would be carried out, it said.

Kong Wei, the research team leader from Jilin University, told China Daily the initial results were "truly inspiring" although he said it was still too early to claim success.

The first phase tests began in March last year in southwestern China's Guangxi region, with 49 healthy men and women aged between 18-50 participating, the newspaper said.

The Ministry of Science and Technology said another 800 volunteers, including those from high-risk groups, would be needed for the second and third phases of the trial, the report added.

However, testing to ensure the vaccine's safety and effectiveness could take years.

China started its own research into an AIDS vaccine in 2003 and has already invested over 100 million yuan (12.5 million dollars) into projects for the treatment and prevention of the disease, China Daily said.

Around 650,000 people in China -- or 0.05 percent of its 1.3 billion population -- have the HIV virus, but the rate of infections is rising rapidly.

In 2006, 70,000 Chinese contracted the virus, according to official estimates, equivalent to 192 per day. The government and outside experts predict there could be 1.5 million cases by 2010.



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Chocolatiers see image of Virgin Mary in lump

The Associated Press
Tucson, Arizona | Published: 08.19.2006

FOUNTAIN VALLEY, Calif. - As a chocolatier to the rich and famous, Martucci Angiano has posed with many celebrities.
But on Thursday she held in her hand a figure that dazzles her more than any Hollywood star: a 2-inch-tall column of chocolate drippings that workers at her gourmet chocolate company believe bears a striking resemblance to the Virgin Mary.

Virgin Chocolate Mary


Since the discovery at Bodega Chocolates, Angiano's employees have spent much of their time hovering over the tiny figure, praying and placing rose petals and candles around it.

"I was raised to believe in the Virgin Mary, but this still gives me the chills," Angiano said as she balanced the figure in her hand. "Everyone should see this."

Kitchen worker Cruz Jacinto was the first to spot the lump of melted chocolate when she began her shift Monday cleaning up drippings that had accumulated under a large vat of dark chocolate.

Chocolate drippings usually harden in thin, flat strips on wax paper, but Jacinto said she froze when she noticed the unusual shape of this cast-off: It looked just like the Virgin Mary on the prayer card she always carries in her pocket.

"When I come in, the first thing I do is look at the clock, but this time I didn't look at the clock. My eyes went directly to the chocolate," Jacinto said. "I thought, 'Am I the only one who can see this?' I picked it up and I felt emotion just come over me.

"For me, it was a sign," she said.

The chocolate, on display for most of the week in the front of the company gift shop, now rests in a plastic case in a back room. It is brought out for curious visitors.

The confection has a wide base and tapers gently toward a rounded top, giving the appearance of a female figure with her head tilted slightly to the right. The dark brown melting chocolate hardened into subtle layers that resemble the folds of a gown and a flowing veil.

A tiny white circle, about the size of a pencil eraser, sits in the upper center of the creation. Cruz said the white speck is the head of the Baby Jesus as he is held in Mary's folded arms.



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Men and women dream differently

Aug 19 2006

Robin Turner, Western Mail

MEN may be from Mars and women from Venus but when both are in the land of Nod they're still worlds apart.

A Welsh dream expert has confirmed what many already suspected that the differences between the sexes continue even while asleep.

Dr Mark Blagrove, a reader in psychology at Swansea University, has studied 100,000 people's dream experiences as part of a nationwide survey. It showed that a typical married couple sleeping side by side would have completely different types of dream, often at the same time.
The research shows that women's dreams:

Are increasingly about work;Have more emotion in them;

Are likely to last longer;

Are more often based on the home, and

Involve more characters, especially family members

Men's dreams:

Have more strangers;

More often involve cars, roads and violence;

Feature more sex with unknown partners, and

Are more often about work, concerning redundancy and financial security.


Psychologist and author of several books on dreams, Veronica Tonay, says the Swansea research confirms long-held suspicions that men and women dream differently.

She said,

"Most of us have heard that women are more comfortable with their emotional life than are men. There is actually an emotional problem called male Alexithymia which describes how difficult it is for many men to express their feelings in words. Women are raised in the world of emotion, and if self-esteem for them comes from relationships, then being able to express feelings is very important.

"But at work, expressing feelings can actually block success. These differences find their way into our dreams, where women experience more feelings than do men."

The concept of "his'n'hers" dreams comes as a new survey shows that more than a fifth of people in the UK have bad dreams at least once a week.

And the survey, commissioned by the Travelodge hotel chain, found jobs could be linked to bad dreams with nurses, accountants and IT workers more likely to have nightmares than anyone else.

The survey of 2,000 people using Travelodges found the most common dream was being chased or teeth dropping out, with falling being trapped or being injured also frequent themes.

Dreams have an infinite variety with one respondent recalling being chased by singer Cliff Richard in the street, a number dreamt of Catherine Zeta-Jones and one had a dream about being shouted at by TV presenter Davina McCall.

Psychological theorists speculate that dreams deal with immediate concerns in our lives, such as unfinished business from the day or concerns we are incapable of handling when awake.

Whatever their purpose, continuing research at Dr Blagrove's "sleep laboratory" at Swansea University shows negative dreams are far more common than positive ones. But he added, "Even happy people have more negative dreams than positive ones."





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Ancient Cities, Ancient 'Computers' and Age-old Nonsense


Archeologists to excavate ancient city in SE Turkey

www.chinaview.cn 2006-08-20 20:42:28

ANKARA, Aug. 20 (Xinhua) -- A joint team of Turkish and U.S. archeologists will start excavating an ancient Hittite city in southeastern Turkey next month, the semi-official Anatolia news agency reported on Sunday.

The excavation of Zincirli Tumulus city, which is located in Islahiye town of Gaziantep province, will begin on Sept. 1 and David Schloen, Associate Professor of Chicago University, will head the team, said the report.
The excavation will last about 10 years and the archeologists will work for two and a half months every year to bring the artifacts in Zincirli Tumulus to daylight, Anatolia reported.

Mehmet Onal, Deputy Director of Gaziantep Museum, was quoted by Anatolia as saying that the ancient city of Zincirli Tumulus was an important settlement during the late Hittite period.

"Artifacts, expected to be found during the excavation, will contribute to cultural tourism," said Onal.

Zincirli Tumulus is one of the kingdoms established by the Hittites in southeastern Anatolia and northern Syria after the Hittite Empire collapsed in 1,200 B.C.



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Revealed: world's oldest computer

Helena Smith
Sunday August 20, 2006
The Observer

It looks like a heap of rubbish, feels like flaky pastry and has been linked to aliens. For decades, scientists have puzzled over the complex collection of cogs, wheels and dials seen as the most sophisticated object from antiquity, writes Helena Smith. But 102 years after the discovery of the calcium-encrusted bronze mechanism on the ocean floor, hidden inscriptions show that it is the world's oldest computer, used to map the motions of the sun, moon and planets.

'We're very close to unlocking the secrets,' says Xenophon Moussas,an astrophysicist with a Anglo-Greek team researching the device. 'It's like a puzzle concerning astronomical and mathematical knowledge.'
Known as the Antikythera mechanism and made before the birth of Christ, the instrument was found by sponge divers amid the wreckage of a cargo ship that sunk off the tiny island of Antikythera in 80BC. To date, no other appears to have survived.

'Bronze objects like these would have been recycled, but being in deep water it was out of reach of the scrap-man and we had the luck to discover it,' said Michael Wright, a former curator at London's Science Museum. He said the apparatus was the best proof yet of how technologically advanced the ancients were. 'The skill with which it was made shows a level of instrument-making not surpassed until the Renaissance. It really is the first hard evidence of their interest in mechanical gadgets, ability to make them and the preparedness of somebody to pay for them.'

For years scholars had surmised that the object was an astronomical showpiece, navigational instrument or rich man's toy. The Roman Cicero described the device as being for 'after-dinner entertainment'.

But many experts say it could change how the history of science is written. 'In many ways, it was the first analogue computer,' said Professor Theodosios Tassios of the National Technical University of Athens. 'It will change the way we look at the ancients' technological achievements.'



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Vault believers want new dig

By Steve Vaughan
The Virginia Gazette
Published August 19, 2006

WILLIAMSBURG - Advocates of our version of "The DaVinci Code" were back in town Friday, calling for another excavation to locate the "secret vault" of Sir Francis Bacon, which they still allege is buried beneath the churchyard of Bruton Parish Episcopal Church.

It is a replay of a saga from 14 years ago that put the church in an awkward position of dispelling some very weird myths. A media circus resulted.
The story propagated by Sir Francis Bacon's Sages of the Seventh Seal has all the elements of Dan Brown's theological thriller. The Bacon story relies on a conspiracy theory of history in which sinister forces have conspired to conceal a great historical and mystical truth from the world.

How great?

"It could stop the push for the Mideast War, for Armageddon," said Fletcher Richman, the group's spokesman, as he stood outside the church. He added that it could bring all the world's religions together.

Like "Davinci," Richman's tale involves a treasure that has been moved around the world. In Brown's book that treasure is the Holy Grail, the chalice used by Christ at the Last Supper.

In the theory of the Bacon enthusiasts, it is the original King James translation of the Bible, original versions of William Shakespeare's plays (which they believe Bacon and a circle of associates actually wrote) and "Christian Hermetic-Cabalistic mystery teachings." They alleged these treasures were moved from England to Jamestown to Williamsburg.

The Baconists believe that Bacon was the illegitimate son of Queen Elizabeth I of England and thus the rightful heir to the English throne. They also believe he faked his death in 1626 and actually died in 1684, at the age of 123.

The followers claim that Nathaniel Bacon the Elder, whom they believe was a relative of Sir Francis Bacon, supervised the transfer to Williamsburg. Colonial Williamsburg's research department said Friday they are unaware of any relationship between the two Bacons.

Nor is there any explanation of why the Baconists have resurrected their claims. Asked directly, Richman would not answer. Speculation is that he's trying to capitalize on the run-up to the 400th at Jamestown next year.

Cryptograms and codes play a large role in the Baconists' beliefs. They insist that Sir Francis Bacon left hidden messages in his writings and that cryptograms on the gravestones and crypts in the Bruton Parish churchyard point the way to the hidden vault.

The supposed Bruton Parish vault is one of a number of such hidden caches of knowledge, 144 to be exact, that the Baconists believe in. An article in their press packet describes their search for another alleged vault on the grounds of the state capitol in St. Paul, Minn., where Richman lives.

As in "The DaVinci Code," the Baconists' theory is long on speculation and supposition but short on verifiable fact.

Asked to cite one fact indicating that a vault existed beneath the church yard, Richman referred to cryptograms on the gravestones in the yard. Yet even if the codes exist, none has ever been adequately translated.

There are also sinister forces at work to suppress the release of the great secret, according to Richman. Baconists believe that the Skull & Bones secret society at Yale University, as well as Colonial Williamsburg's benefactor, the Rockefeller family, are to blame.

Richman goes so far as to accuse the Skull & Bones Society and the Rockefellers of arranging the murder of his mentor Manley Palmer Hall, who died in 1990. And he accused David Rockefeller, among others, of conspiring to ruin the 1992 excavation of the churchyard, which found nothing.

"They dug in the wrong place," Richman said. "They knew very well what they were doing."

Problem is, archaeologists who performed the excavation used the Baconists' own calculations to look for the vault. A year before that, Baconist Marsha Middleton dug for eight hours in the churchyard. For her trouble, she got a warning from police about trespassing.

Despite accusing the Rockefellers of murder, Richman and the Baconists hope to gain the cooperation of the Rockefeller Foundation, Colonial Williamsburg and the church in sponsoring a new excavation by experts.

That's unlikely.

Colonial Williamsburg said it's a Bruton Parish project and deferred all questions to the church. The church made its stand clear Friday.

When Richman suggested stepping inside the church for a group picture, facilities manager Mike Wanless told him flatly that wouldn't be allowed.

"We're a functioning conservative church, there's is a limit to how much we'll cooperate with this," Wanless told Richman. "This is mythology. It's an interesting story, but it's a myth."

"There's my opinion, there's your opinion and then there's God's truth," Richman replied.

He said that his group, four followers from Minnesota and three from Pittsburgh, were there to begin a grassroots movement in which the American people would demand a thorough excavation.

In doing so, Richman violated a letter of understanding with the church allowing the group access to the church, which the group included in their press packet.

"I also remind Mr. Fletcher Richman that, at a meeting with me a little over a year ago, I was given from a him a verbal promise that neither he nor any member of his group would use the newspaper or any other form of media to pressure Bruton Parish Church to support the Sages' cause," wrote the Rev. Herman Hollerith, rector of the church. "I trust that Mr. Richman exercises leadership over the group and is a moral person and, therefore, expect him to uphold his promise."

The group's renewed interest in the church is the latest chapter in saga that began in 1938.

In that year, Marie Bauer Hall, supposedly following clues she'd discovered on the tombstones and in the writings of Shakespeare and Bacon, dug in the churchyard without authorization. She didn't find any vault, but did unearth the foundation of the original 1683 church.

In 1985-87, ceramic engineer John Malweski, working for the Veritat Foundation, which was headed by Hall, conducted surface tests which supposedly proved that something is buried 20 feet below the original church foundation.

In August 1992 the parish investigated the claim using rods to locate the vault. Nothing was found. That, as far as Bruton Parish is concerned, should be the end of it.

"The chance that you'll be allowed to do any further excavation here is next to zero," Wanless told Richman Friday.



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