A Swiss-Italian team has discovered 6,000 km³ of magma beneath Tuscany.

© Matteo LupiRenowned for its geothermal activity (here, the Larderello power plant, the oldest in the world), Tuscany also hides vast magma reservoirs beneath its landscapes, similar to those found at Yellowstone in the United States.
How can magma buried 5, 10, or even 15 km underground be detected without any surface indicators? The answer lies in ambient noise tomography, a technique that analyses natural ground vibrations with high precision. A team from the University of Geneva (UNIGE), the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (CNR-IGG), and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV)
has identified a vast reservoir containing approximately 6,000 km3 of magma beneath Tuscany. Beyond its scientific significance, this breakthrough paves the way for faster and more cost-effective exploration methods to locate resources such as geothermal reservoirs, lithium, and rare earth elements, whose formation is closely linked to deep magmatic systems. The study was published in the journal
Communications Earth & Environment.
Yellowstone National Park in the United States, Lake Toba in Indonesia, or Lake Taupo in New Zealand: these iconic volcanic sites harbor immense magma reservoirs measuring several thousand km3 beneath their surfaces. Their presence has been revealed through surface evidence such as eruptive deposits, craters, ground deformation, and gas emissions. However, in the absence of such signals, large volumes of magma can remain hidden and unsuspected deep within the Earth's crust.
These results are important both for fundamental research and for practical applications, such as locating geothermal reservoirs or deposits rich in lithium and rare earth elements.
This was precisely the case in Tuscany, where reservoirs containing approximately 6,000 km3 of volcanic fluids at depths of 8-15 km within the continental crust were discovered by a team from the UNIGE, with contributions from researchers at the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG-CNR) and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV).
Although this magma body could, in theory, contribute to the formation of a supervolcano over geological timescales, it currently poses no threat. "We knew that this region, which extends from north to south across Tuscany, is geothermally active, but we did not realize it contained such a large volume of magma, comparable to that of supervolcanic systems such as Yellowstone," explains Matteo Lupi, associate professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at UNIGE's Faculty of Science, who led the study.
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