Science & TechnologyS


Telescope

Astronomer captures image of forming planet

Called LkCa 15 b, it's the youngest planet ever observed
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© Karen L. Teramura/Univ. of HawaiiThis illustration shows LkCa 15 b, which is estimated to have started taking shape about 50,000 to 100,000 years ago.

Honolulu - Astronomers have captured the first direct image of a planet being born.

Adam Kraus, of the University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy, said the planet is being formed out of dust and gas circling a 2-milion-year-old star about 450 light years from Earth.

The planet itself, based on scientific models of how planets form, is estimated to have started taking shape about 50,000 to 100,000 years ago.

Called LkCa 15 b, it's the youngest planet ever observed. The previous record holder was about five times older.

Kraus and his colleague, Michael Ireland from Macquarie University and the Australian Astronomical Observatory, used Keck telescopes on Mauna Kea to find the planet.

Black Cat

Oldest Tiger-like Skull Yet - Hints Evolution Got It Right From Start

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© Velizar Simeonovski , Field Museum of Natural HistorySkull photo and artist's reconstructions of (em>Panthera zdanskyi.
A tiger-like skull unearthed from 2.5-million-year-old rock is the oldest known complete specimen related to modern big cats, according to a new study.

Representing a new species, the skull isn't that different from those of modern tigers, suggesting evolution hit on a winning formula early on and stuck with it.

Paleontologists in 2004 discovered the remarkably complete skull in eastern China. Now an international group of researchers has teased out the specimen's age and its place on the feline evolutionary tree.

The head is as big as that of a very large modern jaguar's. But the teeth and other skeletal features make it most similar to the skulls of tigers, the largest living big cats. Siberian, or amur, tigers, for example - the world's largest cats - stretch about 11 feet (3.3 meters) long and weigh in at about 660 pounds (300 kilograms). (Pictures: "Toygers" vs. Tigers.)

Camera

Adobe Demonstrates Stunning Photo Deblurring Technology

Let's be honest: There have not been many features that have blown your socks off in Photoshop recently and for those who actually have to pay for the software themselves, the reasons that justify an upgrade have not been very compelling.

However, I predict that this is a feature that you will want -- one that you'll pay for -- if it works as Adobe promises.

Adobe recently demonstrated a deblurring feature for a future version of Photoshop. They did not say which version they are targeting, but it seemed a bit rough around the edges, so I would be cautious about speculating that it will be in CS6. The feature was integrated into Photoshop via a plug-in and can magically correct blurred images and come up with a sharp picture. Magic?
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© Adobe

Common sense tells us that if you screw up a picture, you screwed it up and especially if its blurred, your options to make it look better are very limited. How would Adobe be able to deblur a picture?

Adobe's approach is interesting - and quite compute-intensive. The analysis of the picture tries to trace the path a picture was blurred - it basically attempts to recreate your hand movement during the time a picture was taken, based on the blurring in the picture. Depending on the size of the picture, this process can consume some time, but the effect that Adobe presented on stage was breathtaking. In one example, the software even revealed a blurred phone number in a picture.

Adobe declined to confirm a release date of the feature. But even if it is just half as good as it worked in the demo, this feature will be reason enough for many Photoshop users to upgrade.

Video Demonstration

Meteor

Comet Armageddon Detected in Nearby Star System

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© NASA/JPL/Cal-TechA nearby star system is currently going through hell, as hinted at by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. Through its infrared eye, Spitzer has detected the dusty remains of comet impacts around the star Eta Corvi -- reminding us what it must have been like during the early evolution of our own solar system.
During our solar system's "Late Heavy Bombardment" (LHB) some four billion years ago, the inner planets were constantly peppered with massive comets impacting their surfaces. Earth would have been unrecognizable -- the planet's surface was a burning, molten mess; young atmosphere constantly punctuated by incoming cometary fragments.

Devoid of any eroding atmosphere, the moon's surface bears the scars of this epic cometary onslaught -- huge impact craters providing a reminder of how violent the "early years" of our solar system really was.

Despite the continuous cycle of cataclysmic impact events generating a hellish cauldron on Earth, the LHB has been linked with the genesis of life -- evidence points to a cometary source for the organic ingredients. Needless to say, the growing pains inflicted by the LHB on our planet is of huge importance to scientists.

Therefore, to spot the signs of similar cometary bombardments in other star systems would be pretty awesome. Not only would that help us understand the evolution of planetary systems orbiting other stars, it would provide a "time capsule" for us to have a glimpse of the early life of our own solar system. Of course, it would also give us an idea of how many other stars could be "ripe" for life (as we know it).

Now, scientists using observations by Spitzer have detected cometary Armageddon around Eta Corvi, a star some 50 light-years away in the constellation Corvus.

Satellite

Russia Eyes Caves on Moon for Setting Up a Lunar Base

For the time being, it appears NASA has set aside any ambitions to return to the Moon with human missions. But Russia may consider sending cosmonauts to the lunar surface to set up a colony using natural caves and possible volcanic tunnels as protection from the harsh lunar environment.

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© NASA/GSFC/Arizona State UniversitySpectacular high Sun view of the Mare Tranquillitatis pit crater revealing boulders on an otherwise smooth floor. Image is 400 meters wide, north is up, NAC M126710873R
Krikalev served on board two different space stations and flew on the space shuttle. He now leads Russia's Star City cosmonaut training center outside Moscow. He and Russian scientists discussed the possible Moon base a forum on the future of manned spaceflight.

The image above is from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter showing a cave or pit found in the Sea of Tranquility. Scientists have estimated the depth of the pit at over 100 meters, and several other caves have been found with orbiting spacecraft. Lunar scientists are studying the images to determine if an extended lava tube system still exists beneath the surface.

Chess

Darpa Wants to Master the Science of Propaganda

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© Wikimedia CommonsStorytelling
Mark Twain once tried to distinguish between the storyteller's art and tales that a machine could generate. He observed that stringing "incongruities and absurdities together in a wandering and sometimes purposeless way, and seem innocently unaware that they are absurdities," was the province of the American storyteller. A machine might imitate simple formulas behind yarns, but never quite master them.

The Pentagon's freewheeling research arm is hoping to prove Twain wrong. Darpa is asking scientists to "take narratives and make them quantitatively analyzable in a rigorous, transparent and repeatable fashion." The idea is to detect terrorists who have been indoctrinated by propaganda. Then, the Pentagon can respond with some messages of its own.

The program is called "Narrative Networks." By understanding how stories have shaped your mind, the Pentagon hopes to sniff out who has fallen prey to dangerous ideas, a neuroscience researcher involved in the project tells Danger Room. With this knowledge, the military can also target groups vulnerable to terrorists' recruiting tactics with its own counter-messaging.

Magnify

How humans make up for an 'inborn' vitamin C deficiency

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© Unknown
A new study appears to explain how humans, along with other higher primates, guinea pigs and fruit bats, get by with what some have called an "inborn metabolic error": an inability to produce vitamin C from glucose.

Unlike the more than 4,000 other species of mammals who manufacture vitamin C, and lots of it, the red blood cells of the handful of vitamin C-defective species are specially equipped to suck up the vitamin's oxidized form, so-called L-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the researchers report in the March21st issue of Cell, a publication of Cell Press. Once inside the blood cells, that DHA--which is immediately transformed back into ascorbic acid (a.k.a. vitamin C)--can be efficiently carried through the bloodstream to the rest of the body, the researchers suggest.

"Evolution is amazing. Even though people talk about this as an 'inborn error' - a metabolic defect that all humans have - there is also this incredible manner in which we've responded to the defect, using some of the body's most plentiful cells," said Naomi Taylor of Université Montpellier I and II in France, noting that the body harbors billions of red blood cells. "[Through evolution], we've created this system that takes out the oxidized form of vitamin C and transports the essential, antioxidant form."

Bizarro Earth

Key to Mysterious Ocean Glow Proposed

Milk Sea
© Steven Miller, NRLThe "milk sea" in a composite satellite image, and the region of the ocean where it was spotted.

Scientists may have an explanation behind the rare nighttime events in which the ocean glows bright blue as far as the eye can see in all directions.

A new study details a process in plankton that would potentially account for this widespread bioluminescent phenomenon, which was confirmed by satellites in 2005 (see above image).

Scientists already knew that tiny, unicellular plankton called dinoflagellates create the distinctive blue flashes in some waters. How they flash their blue light was less clear.

A key aspect of the potential mechanism for bioluminescence in dinoflagellates involves voltage-gated proton channels - channels in membranes that can be opened or closed by chemical or electrical events.

Info

Ancient Meteorite Blast Resembled Volcanic Eruption

Impact Ejecta
© Branney and Brown 2011 (Journal of Geology 199, 275-292)Meteorite impact ejecta (left) compared with volcanic deposits (right) showing closely similar structures made of dust particles. The top two photos show accretionary lapilli in density current deposits, whereas bottom two photos show pellets that formed when dust in the atmosphere clumped together and simply fell onto the land surface.

A billion years ago, a meteorite slammed into the Earth along the coast of what is now Scotland. A forensic investigation by a team of volcanologists has pieced together exactly how the debris from the impact devastated the surrounding region.

The new research shows that some aspects of giant meteorite impacts may mimic the behavior of large volcanic eruptions.

Meteorite impacts are more common than most people realize, but what happens when the meteorite hits? Direct observation is understandably difficult, but researchers can pick through impact debris that hasn't eroded away and then forensically reconstruct these catastrophic events.

The volcanologists say that an improved understanding of what happens when large objects hit the Earth will help us understand how such events affect life on the planet.

Book

Computer program to reveal who wrote the Bible

Precisely who wrote the Bible has been debated for centuries - but now scientists have devised a computer program that sheds much more light on the sources of the various religious texts within it.

Israeli computer scientists and Bible scholars have written an algorithm that analyses the writing styles found within various sections.

While it can't pinpoint an individual author, the program has been able to determine when a passage has been written by more than one person and can detect the point at which a new author has taken over.

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© Getty ImagesWrite stuff: The computer program searches for how common words are used throughout the scriptures
For instance, many believe that the Torah, the first five books of the Bible, was written by one person - Moses.