© NASA /ESA/SOHOThe Solar Heliospheric Observatory caught the extreme ultraviolet flash of an X1-class solar flare at 11:13 p.m. ET March 4. In this picture, the glare of the sun itself has been blocked out by a coronagraph disc.
A major solar flare erupted from the sun late Sunday, sending out an explosion of plasma and charged particles.
The X1.1-class solar flare exploded from the surface of the sun at 11:13 p.m. ET, according to the Space Weather Prediction Center, operated by the National Weather Service.
X-class flares are the most powerful type of solar storm, with M-class eruptions falling within the midrange and C-class flares being the weakest.
The X-class flare unleashed a wave of plasma and charged particles, called a coronal mass ejection, or CME. Experts at the Space Weather Prediction Center said the CME will likely miss Earth, but they remain alert for minor geomagnetic storms beginning late Tuesday and lasting through Wednesday.
"According to analysts at the Goddard Space Weather Lab, the CME will probably miss Earth, although it will hit Mercury and Venus." Spaceweather.com reported in an alert. "Even if this CME misses, high-latitude sky watchers should still be alert for auroras in the nights ahead."
Several spacecraft, including NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Heliospheric Observatory, observed the extreme ultraviolet flash from the X-class flare.
This latest solar flare is the second X-class sun storm of 2012. The first event occurred on Jan. 27 and registered as an X1.7 on the space weather scale used by astronomers.
When a powerful X-class flare is aimed directly at Earth, it can sometimes cause significant disruptions to satellites in space as well as to power grids and communications infrastructure on the ground. Strong flares and coronal mass ejections can also pose potential hazards to astronauts on the International Space Station.
These radiation storms can also amp up normal aurora displays (also called the northern and southern lights) for skywatchers at high latitudes.
Sunday night's solar flare burst from a big sunspot region called AR1429, which has been particularly active since it materialized on March 2. This same region produced an M2-class flare on Sunday, triggering a separate coronal mass ejection that is currently approaching Earth and could deliver a glancing blow at around 11:30 p.m. ET Monday night.
As a result, when the ejection from last night's X-class flare sweeps past Earth over the next day or two, the planet might already be in the midst of a geomagnetic storm, according to SpaceWeather.com.
The sun's activity ebbs and flows in an 11-year cycle. Currently, the sun is in the midst of Solar Cycle 24, and activity is expected to ramp up toward the solar maximum in 2013.
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