Federal investigators have been interviewing former members of the controversial organisation, which counts Tom Cruise and John Travolta among its followers, over allegations of enslavement and violent treatment.
According to the New Yorker magazine, the FBI is also investigating allegations surrounding David Miscavige - the group's leader and the best man at Cruise's wedding - who has been accused of repeatedly hitting youngsters.
In an interview with the magazine, Hollywood director Paul Haggis spoke out for the first time over his embittered decision to leave Scientology.
'I was in a cult for 34 years. Everyone else could see it. I don't know why I couldn't,' said Mr Haggis, who wrote Million Dollar Baby and Casino Royale.
The FBI investigators have interviewed former members in California and Clearwater, Florida, where Scientology - regarded in many countries as a cult - has its spiritual HQ.
Even though it has just become public, the investigation has been going on for a year.
Allegations of abuse against Mr Miscavige, 50, were made in 2009 but the FBI's involvement indicates that it was not satisfied by the church's claim that the accusations were simply concocted by embittered former members.
Many of the accusations against the organisation centre on Gold Base, Scientology's nerve centre in the Californian desert.
It is the home for many members of Sea Org, its elite 'religious order' of young devotees.
Many join Scientology as teenagers and, at Gold Base, church leaders are allegedly encouraged to 'instill aggressive, even violent discipline'.
© Mail OnlineNerve centre: Church leaders have allegedly developed a 'blow drill' to track down members who leave Gold Base, above, and bring them back.
An ex-Scientologist claimed that punishments at Gold Base included being sent to the 'Hole', a pair of extra-wide mobile homes on the base where between 80 and 100 people were ordered to take part in 'group confessions all day and all night'.
Marty Rathbun, a former senior Scientology executive, claimed in court in July that Mr Miscavige once organised a brutal game of musical chairs at the Hole in which only the winner would be allowed to stay on the base.
© APActor Tom Cruise is a prominent member of the Church. Cruise is seen here embracing Miscavige and speaking at an opening of a Scientology centre in Madrid in 2004.
Under California law, human trafficking covers slavery and defines victims by factors such as signs of trauma or fatigue, being afraid to talk because of censorship and working in one place without freedom to travel.
In a recent test case against the Scientologists, Marc and Claire Headley, two former Sea Org members, claimed they were treated like slaves and forced to work 20-hour days almost continually.
© APOther famous Scientologists include Kirstie Alley, John Travolta and Kelly Preston, seen here during the 38th Anniversary Gala held at the Church of Scientology Celebrity Centre in Los Angeles in August 2007.
A judge ruled against them after the church insisted religious workers were exempt from the usual rules but the couple are appealing.
The FBI, whose investigation reportedly remains open, would not comment.
The Church of Scientology was founded in 1953 by sci-fi writer L Ron Hubbard. The church dismissed the New Yorker's claims as 'little more than a regurgitation of old allegations that have long been disproved'.
Scientology defectors also reportedly told the FBI about Mr Miscavige's luxurious lifestyle.
They insisted he lives more like a Hollywood star than a church leader, flying chartered jets, wearing custom-made shoes from London and building up a large car collection.
I don't have specific data on any of these charges. But I know that the Church has been attacked repeatedly through various government agencies around the world over its 50-plus year history and that the vast majority of those attacks were found to be totally baseless.
For those who do not want to dive in and take the time to find out what is really going on, I suggest you just leave Scientology be. Compared to any of the large multinational banks or corporations, the church is a guppy in an ocean of sharks. It is less than 60 years old. Let it grow a bit more before passing judgment. And treat news you see about it in the mass media with the same regard as other news they carry. Do you really think they are "doing you a favor" by warning you about this terrible menace in our midst? Where have we seen messages like that before?